Conception of a K2

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RE: Conception of a K2

Richard Kent
John,
        My son is 14. He has gone with me to help setup field day. He
currently has the "furthest from home contact". I am building my second K2
(K2/100 when done). I bought the DL1 and XG2 from what I learned from the
first K2. I supervised my son as he built the mini-modules. He saw the large
number of parts in the K2 and got scared. As yet he has not volunteered to
help with the radio. Sorting the caps into a container with compartments is
necessary. Small solder less than .020 very good idea. Rework eliminators
are a good idea especially if you will add options one at a time. They are
also good if you need to remove an option for troubleshooting. Removing an
option usually disables the radio in some way requiring reinstalling parts
to make the radio work. I did not do the eliminators and wish I had.

Good luck and happy building

Richard Kent WD8AJG K2 5296 and 1/3 of 5996

-----Original Message-----

OK so I have decided to buy the base K2 kit and build it along with my
son; He needs to see a process like this unfold.

I have read the various FAQs, tips, etc.

I am not new to kit building.

We have a good soldering station.

If the K2 works out well we will use it on CW for a while and then add
enhancements: SSB first then others (perhaps DSP, 160M, 60M-Xvrter,
100Watts)..

Are there tools or tips I am missing before I drop the coin?

John

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RE: Conception of a K2

Phil Kane-2
In reply to this post by John Huggins
On Tue, 14 Aug 2007 09:26:19 -0500, Craig Rairdin wrote:

>> If your eyes require it, get a god magnifier.

>God magnifiers are also good for spotting the devil, who is said
>to be in the details. Either way a good god magnifier is worth
>the investment.

  Note that one of the holiness prayers of the Jewish liturgy
  starts with "Magnified and sanctified is the great name....."

  I guess magnification is a universal requirement.   <ggg>

--
   73 de K2ASP - Phil Kane
   Elecraft K2/100   s/n 5402



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Re: Conception of a K2

John Huggins
Thank you all for the comments.  A rough summary includes:

- Think ESD for the parts (no worries there... I am the ESD promoter at
our electronics lab at work)
  - No parts in non ESD foam
  - No parts in cardboard, etc.
  - Small anti-static mat with wrist straps, etc.
  - Keep active parts in their black ESD foam
- Seriously consider the re-work eliminators and other nifty things from
http://www.unpcbs.com/
- Consider a good Cap/Inductance meter
- Seriously consider using flush cutting snips
- Certainly use a thermo controlled soldering iron with good assortment
of tips
- Use small diameter solder
- Get a new #1 Phillips screwdriver
- Seriously consider an illuminated magnifier or, perhaps, a mag. visor
- On the same topic, have good lighting
- Reference the example toroid images available from the K2 community
- Use headers where possible
- Dental pick and other assorted fiddling tools
- Reserve a good amount of table space for the project
- Consider pre-wound toroids
- When inventorying parts, leave the resistors in their tape
- Seriously consider starting with the XG2 and DL-1 dummy load to spin
up on soldering skills
- Seriously consider making the XG2 because it will be handy during the
K2 build

Excellent tips.  Thank you all.

The tip I am acting on first is the purchase and building of the XG2 as
I think it is a wonderful plan to start small and work up.  One of the
main purposes is to ensure the 12 year old acquires some understanding
of that "stuff" in the box is not magic.  Anything I can do to notch up
the technical aptitude of a future tax payer should hopefully yield
benefits later.

Thanks again all... onward...

John KX4O
http://www.cosjwt.com/
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Re: Conception of a K2

Leigh L. Klotz Jr WA5ZNU
Administrator
In reply to this post by AC7AC
I buolt a cute circuit with a 2n7000 from an idea I saw at the Maker
Faire..  It is an E field probe: you can light up (or extinguish,
depending on your charge polarity) an LED with the proximity of your
finger from half a foot.

It can be very instructive in seeing where you have static, and how far
away the 2N7000 can tell, and (eventually) what will and won't blow
it.

I put a link to this, and a copy of Wayne N6KR's note on handling the
2N7000, onto Wikipedia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N7000

Leigh/WA5ZNU
On Tue, 14 Aug 2007 8:57 am, Ron D'Eau Claire wrote:

> Perhaps it deserves saying the obvious: DO NOT USE FOAM CONTAINERS FOR
> ELECTRONIC PARTS!! (Unless, perhaps, you're working with vacuum tubes
> <G>)
>
> Expanded foam in any form is a wonderful static generator. It doesn't
> take
> enough static to see or feel a spark to destroy parts, only enough to
> exceed
> the part's operating voltages (especially insulation breakdown
> voltage).
> That is often well below that at which a human is even aware there is a
> static charge present.
>
> I suppose one might argue that keeping the leads of sensitive parts
> stuck in
> the conductive foam protects them, but I tend to be conservative. It's
> bad
> enough troubleshooting to find a defective part when power is first
> applied,
> but static-damaged parts sometimes still work, somewhat, so the rig
> just
> doesn't meet normal specs and the operator may be completely unaware of
> it.
> And then the part may fail prematurely at some later date (just as
> you're
> calling that rare DX you need or about to start a contest session).
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Re: Conception of a K2

Kurt Pawlikowski
In reply to this post by John Huggins
John, Et Al,

    I am reading some really good ideas. Here's one I used...

    While building my KX-1: When I conducted my inventory, I taped the
resistors, inductors and capacitors right to the pages of the book.
Okay... A little funky, but 1) I knew the inventory was correct when I
was done (no open spaces!) and 2) where there is a question about a
component (some are different wattages or unusual markings), it helped
to see that I already had a space "filled." For large quantity
components, I had old plastic pill containers (I tend to knock things
over). 3) When the assembly instructions called for a component, I
pulled if from the tape. I could have also checked off the component ID
on the page. As it happens, I didn't do the checking off part, but a
more Monkish person might, and it might help keeping one from using the
wrong part (i.e., looking for L2 and seeing that it's missing...).
Anyway, it is a more through double check.

    Hope that's helpful to someone... {'-)

    Regards,

    kurtt

    Kurt Pawlikowski, AKA WB9FMC
    The Pinrod Corporation
    [hidden email]
    (773) 284-9500
    http://pinrod.com

John Huggins wrote:

> OK so I have decided to buy the base K2 kit and build it along with my
> son; He needs to see a process like this unfold.
>
> I have read the various FAQs, tips, etc.
>
> I am not new to kit building.
>
> We have a good soldering station.
>
> If the K2 works out well we will use it on CW for a while and then add
> enhancements: SSB first then others (perhaps DSP, 160M, 60M-Xvrter,
> 100Watts)..
>
> Are there tools or tips I am missing before I drop the coin?
>
> John
> _______________________________________________
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>
>  
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RE: Conception of a K2

Darwin, Keith
Tape - cardboard - plastic - paper - Ahhhh!!!!

My ESD training (what little I've had) is causing all sorts of alarm
bells to go off!  I fear that many of us have taken techniques that
worked fine in the pre-ESD days and are applying them in cases where
they are dangerous.

Yea, I know that caps (most at least) and resistors are not ESD
sensitive, but that partially assembled K2 board, already populated with
some ICs is.

When I did my K2, I had it on a grounded ESD mat and I wore a wrist
strap the whole time.  I stored all my parts in metal mixing bowls or
just laid them on the mat.  I'm sure this was overkill but it was easier
to use good ESD practice than to try to discipline myself to apply it
only when it was needed.

- Keith N1AS -
- K2 5411.ssb.100 -

-----Original Message-----
    While building my KX-1: When I conducted my inventory, I taped the
resistors, inductors and capacitors right to the pages of the book.
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Parts-in-waiting storage

Ken Kopp
Metal muffin-baking tins are good parts storage ...

A clip lead between your anti-static work mat, the
muffin tin and your wrist-strap connection point help,
too.

73! Ken Kopp - K0PP
[hidden email]

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Re: Conception of a K2

Chris Kantarjiev K6DBG
In reply to this post by John Huggins

> Tools I found useful:
>   - Magnifying ring light

I far prefer an Optivisor. It makes it easy to look at the item
in question with or without magnification, depending on distance -
I can position the workpiece and the instruction manual such that
I can shift my view from one to the other without big head
movements.

In addition, the swing down extra magnifier is perfect for inspecting
the quality of my soldering after every round - I do this in stages,
rather than trying to inspect the entire board at the end.

73 de chris K6DBG
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Re: Conception of a K2

Kurt Pawlikowski
In reply to this post by Darwin, Keith
Keith,

    You are, of course, right, but 1) I do have an ESD mat (and use
it!), and, 2) no, I didn't tape down the "sensitive" components. I will
say this though: Doing this helped a lot because there are several
components that could have easily been confused (some inductors and a
resistor or two), which were not. As far as I know, resistors,
capacitors and most (if not all) diodes will not be damaged by ESD.
Note: Diodes will either conduct when forward biased or "zener" and
conduct when backwards biased - thought I'm not sure about "special"
diodes [barrier, shotkey (sp?), and the like]. And, normal ESD damage is
caused by high potentials arching within the component. I believe diodes
have plenty of capacity to absorb the power, either forward or reversed
biased. Capacitors will simply "charge" (which is why attaching a
capacitor to a Van de Graph generator is a Bozo no-no). At any rate, I
have never heard of any of these types of components being damaged by
ESD: Has anyone?

    Regards,

    kurtt

    Kurt Pawlikowski, AKA WB9FMC
    The Pinrod Corporation
    [hidden email]
    (773) 284-9500
    http://pinrod.com

Darwin, Keith wrote:

> Tape - cardboard - plastic - paper - Ahhhh!!!!
>
> My ESD training (what little I've had) is causing all sorts of alarm
> bells to go off!  I fear that many of us have taken techniques that
> worked fine in the pre-ESD days and are applying them in cases where
> they are dangerous.
>
> Yea, I know that caps (most at least) and resistors are not ESD
> sensitive, but that partially assembled K2 board, already populated with
> some ICs is.
>
> When I did my K2, I had it on a grounded ESD mat and I wore a wrist
> strap the whole time.  I stored all my parts in metal mixing bowls or
> just laid them on the mat.  I'm sure this was overkill but it was easier
> to use good ESD practice than to try to discipline myself to apply it
> only when it was needed.
>
> - Keith N1AS -
> - K2 5411.ssb.100 -
>
> -----Original Message-----
>     While building my KX-1: When I conducted my inventory, I taped the
> resistors, inductors and capacitors right to the pages of the book.
> _______________________________________________
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>
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>
>  
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RE: Conception of a K2

Darwin, Keith
 

-----Original Message-----
... no, I didn't tape down the "sensitive" components.
--------------------------

>From an ESD point of view, that's cool, but when you pull the tape away
from the paper, you're generating a static charge which may make it to
your 1/2 populated board and cause problems with components on the
board, right?  Maybe it is a low probability issue or maybe having the
board on a mat eliminates the risk.  I don't know.


-----------------------
Capacitors ... I have never heard of any of these types of components
being damaged by
ESD: Has anyone?
----------------------

I work with one EE who says there is an issue with caps where the
breakdown voltage (is there such a thing?) of a very small value cap may
be less than the voltage generated by ESD.  Still, caps of all values at
this company are considered not ESD sensitive.

In my case, I'm really not smart enough to know what is and is not a
real problem so it is just easier to treat everything as if it is
sensitive even if I know (or think) it isn't.

73!

- Keith N1AS -
- K2 5411.ssb.100 -
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Re: Conception of a K2

AJSOENKE
In reply to this post by John Huggins
It rarely happens because a lot comes into play,  humidity, proximity of
certain clothing, walking on carpet,etc. If Humidity is  up around 60% or higher,
not wearing wool or synthetics, and not a lot of foot  traffic on the wool
carpet next to your workspace, you have probably nailed down  99% of hazard. a
small ionizing air blower of the  correct polarization is  often used to further
enhance the environment. Have I ever killed a chip? Yes,  several expensive
computer chips die in my classroom every year. Despite the  precautions and ESD
safe work areas, concrete floors, etc, a student will  absentmindedly pick up
a RAM or CPU and put it in a pocket or slide it across a  cardboard sheet
used to protect a non-ESD-proof work bench and kill it  instantly. It's the
'unconscious' actions that'll do it.  And these  computer parts all contain ample
ESD protection diodes,etc, but still fall  victim. Don't gamble with the parts.

In Aerospace we are taught about  LATENT DEFECTS. This is an ESD weakening of
the component that isn't detectable  during normal testing. It's only after
launch when the boogers are 25,000 Km out  in space or on the surface of Mars
that they start too fail. In ham terms that's  the equivalent of the 8th hour
in a contest or when you hear the rare DX return  your  call. So don't take it
for granted that you got away with the  handling of the parts just because the
rig turned on and you hear a W6.  It  may be catastrophic and it may just
reduce the performance of the rig to less  than advertised specs - so always do
the best you can to protect.


73  es good luck  AL, WA6VNN  




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Re: Conception of a K2

Kurt Pawlikowski
In reply to this post by Darwin, Keith
Keith,

    Well, I never pulled the tape from the paper: I just pulled the wire
out from the tape... And, I, being grounded, was in contact with the
leads. Don't know if that makes a difference or not!

    Breakdown voltage: I can assure you that almost ANY ESD is larger
than the breakdown voltage. It's just that ESD is usually a very small
amount of power that the capacitor will easily absorb. For it to damage
the cap, it has to charge it to the breakdown voltage. In the case of
polarized caps, I'm not sure what these short term reverse voltages do.

    Regards,

    kurtt

    Kurt Pawlikowski, AKA WB9FMC
    The Pinrod Corporation
    [hidden email]
    (773) 284-9500
    http://pinrod.com

Darwin, Keith wrote:

>  
>
> -----Original Message-----
> ... no, I didn't tape down the "sensitive" components.
> --------------------------
>
> >From an ESD point of view, that's cool, but when you pull the tape away
> from the paper, you're generating a static charge which may make it to
> your 1/2 populated board and cause problems with components on the
> board, right?  Maybe it is a low probability issue or maybe having the
> board on a mat eliminates the risk.  I don't know.
>
>
> -----------------------
> Capacitors ... I have never heard of any of these types of components
> being damaged by
> ESD: Has anyone?
> ----------------------
>
> I work with one EE who says there is an issue with caps where the
> breakdown voltage (is there such a thing?) of a very small value cap may
> be less than the voltage generated by ESD.  Still, caps of all values at
> this company are considered not ESD sensitive.
>
> In my case, I'm really not smart enough to know what is and is not a
> real problem so it is just easier to treat everything as if it is
> sensitive even if I know (or think) it isn't.
>
> 73!
>
>
>  
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ESD

John Huggins
In reply to this post by Kurt Pawlikowski


Kurt Pawlikowski wrote:

> Keith,
>
>  As far as I know, resistors, capacitors and most (if not all) diodes
> will not be damaged by ESD. Note: Diodes will either conduct when
> forward biased or "zener" and conduct when backwards biased - thought
> I'm not sure about "special" diodes [barrier, shotkey (sp?), and the
> like]. And, normal ESD damage is caused by high potentials arching
> within the component. I believe diodes have plenty of capacity to
> absorb the power, either forward or reversed biased. Capacitors will
> simply "charge" (which is why attaching a capacitor to a Van de Graph
> generator is a Bozo no-no). At any rate, I have never heard of any of
> these types of components being damaged by ESD: Has anyone?

While it is true caps can be relatively sturdy, capacitors are damaged
by ESD if the high voltage appears across their leads despite what one
might think of "charge time."  Any usual thinking of how caps work
begins to break down once the peak voltage (not rated voltage, but
whatever the much higher real peak voltage is - ie 400-1000V for a 100V
ceramic)  is exceeded even with the low low power of an ESD event.  
Audiophile Tube Stereo freaks recognize caps that have been zapped
because they develop pinholes in their dielectric and begin to add pop
and hiss to their "sound."

Thin film resistors are also easily "hurt" by ESD.  Same with diodes.

NASA is particularly anal about this (for obvious reasons) and have this
to share...

  http://workmanship.nasa.gov/wppr_comp_c2mos.jsp

While it is true not all ESD events cause damage. The outcome of a
discharge to a sensitive device or assembly will depend on many factors,
including:
- device sensitivity
- severity of ESD stress
- actual strike site

Some components handle ESD better than others, but none are entirely immune.

If we are to assume Elecraft handles their parts with the care the parts
probably received on their way to Elecraft (I hope this is so) and then
delivered them to us with the same care, we should not break the chain
of proper handling.

ESD is so easy to do correctly why not treat all the parts with the same
level of respect.  The chances of success are probably measurably better.

John
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Re: ESD

Kurt Pawlikowski
John,

    Interesting. The link is related to CMOS, which is extremely
sensitive to ESD.

    Capacitors: I don't understand how a cap can be damaged unless ESD
has a transient faster than the cap can charge or there is enough
current to charge the cap beyond it's limits. But isn't that what the
cap is supposed to do? Yes, once the voltage across the cap is exceeded,
all bets are off!

    If you're talking about caps in tube equipment, I think the problem
there would more likely be explained by degrading/defective components,
or components that were exposed to high voltage, relatively high power
discharges (i.e., not ESD).

    I can understand thin film resistors (the higher the resistance, the
more likely an arc). Not sure about diodes. I'm thinking that if the ESD
has a transient faster than the diode can handle, maybe. It just seems
to me that if forward biased, it simply conducts. If backward biased, it
acts like a zener (which conducts).

    Some interesting links...

    http://www.aiinet.com/documents/html/AI180hwman/m0699/aihxa.htm
    http://www.electrostatics.net/library/articles/ESD_damage.htm
    http://www.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/1102esd.htm
    http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/ssya010/ssya010.pdf
    http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/03/03/henry.html
    http://www.e-gizmo.com/ARTICLES/ESD/ESD2.HTM
   
http://electrostaticsolutions.blogspot.com/2005/06/are-capacitors-esd-suceptible.html

    Some of these have pictures (always interesting!). The last link
talks about capacitors. One of the links is very IEEE technical. More
fuel for the fire! {'-)

    Regards,

    kurtt

    Kurt Pawlikowski, AKA WB9FMC
    The Pinrod Corporation
    [hidden email]
    (773) 284-9500
    http://pinrod.com
   
John Huggins wrote:

>
>
> John Huggins wrote:
>> While it is true caps can be relatively sturdy, capacitors are
>> damaged by ESD if the high voltage appears across their leads despite
>> what one might think of "charge time."  Any usual thinking of how
>> caps work begins to break down once the peak voltage (not rated
>> voltage, but whatever the much higher real peak voltage is - ie
>> 400-1000V for a 100V ceramic)  is exceeded even with the low low
>> power of an ESD event.  Audiophile Tube Stereo freaks recognize caps
>> that have been zapped because they develop pinholes in their
>> dielectric and begin to add pop and hiss to their "sound."
>>
>> Thin film resistors are also easily "hurt" by ESD.  Same with diodes.
>>
>> NASA is particularly anal about this (for obvious reasons) and have
>> this to share...
>>
>>  http://workmanship.nasa.gov/wppr_comp_c2mos.jsp
>>
>> While it is true not all ESD events cause damage. The outcome of a
>> discharge to a sensitive device or assembly will depend on many
>> factors, including:
>> - device sensitivity
>> - severity of ESD stress
>> - actual strike site
>>
>> Some components handle ESD better than others, but none are entirely
>> immune.
>>
>> If we are to assume Elecraft handles their parts with the care the
>> parts probably received on their way to Elecraft (I hope this is so)
>> and then delivered them to us with the same care, we should not break
>> the chain of proper handling.
>>
>> ESD is so easy to do correctly why not treat all the parts with the
>> same level of respect.  The chances of success are probably
>> measurably better.
>>
>> John
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>
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Re: ESD

Jim AB3CV
I save all of the black foam that ICs often come pressed into.

I sort all my leaded components by sticking them into it.

73

jim ab3cv
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OT. RF (invisible) dog fence.

Jozef Hand-Boniakowski
In reply to this post by Kurt Pawlikowski
If anyone has had any experience with invisible RF dog fences please
drop me an email at [hidden email]  I am concerned about RF
getting into the dog fence and RFI from the dog fence.  TNX.

73,
Jozef WB2MIC
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Re: OT. RF (invisible) dog fence.

Jim Brown-10
On Thu, 16 Aug 2007 12:14:06 -0400, Jozef Hand-Boniakowski wrote:

> and RFI from the dog fence

There is an RFI reflector on contesting.com.  Some very smart folks
there, very good signal to noise ratio.

Jim K9YC



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Re: OT. RF (invisible) dog fence.

Thom LaCosta
On Thu, 16 Aug 2007, Jim Brown wrote:

> On Thu, 16 Aug 2007 12:14:06 -0400, Jozef Hand-Boniakowski wrote:
>
>> and RFI from the dog fence

I would think the other concern/monitor might be the dog....as I understand the
fences, the dog receives a shock from the collar when it gets too close/goes
over the boundry line created by the fence.

If your transmitted signal sets off the collar, the dog will be unhappy.

Not sure what would make the dog the unhappiest, SSB or CW.

73 k3hrn
Thom,EIEIO
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Re: OT. RF (invisible) dog fence.

Jozef Hand-Boniakowski
Yes indeed.  This is a concern.  That said, the plan was not leave the
dogs in the fenced area unattended.  Just to give them enough room for a
good run three times per day without taking off on us.  Thanks for the
replies both on and off the list.

Jozef WB2MIC


Thom LaCosta wrote:

> On Thu, 16 Aug 2007, Jim Brown wrote:
>
>> On Thu, 16 Aug 2007 12:14:06 -0400, Jozef Hand-Boniakowski wrote:
>>
>>> and RFI from the dog fence
>
> I would think the other concern/monitor might be the dog....as I
> understand the fences, the dog receives a shock from the collar when
> it gets too close/goes over the boundry line created by the fence.
>
> If your transmitted signal sets off the collar, the dog will be unhappy.
>
> Not sure what would make the dog the unhappiest, SSB or CW.
>
> 73 k3hrn
> Thom,EIEIO
> Email, Internet, Electronic Information Officer
>
> www.baltimorehon.com/                    Home of the Baltimore Lexicon
> www.tlchost.net/hosting/                 Web Hosting as low as 3.49/month
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>
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Narrow bandwidth ESSB?

Darwin, Keith
In reply to this post by Jim AB3CV
I've wondered for a while how to achieve this.  By "this" I mean top-notch SSB audio without resorting to wide bandwidth.
 
Say we limit the bandwidth to 2.8 KHz.  What sorts of things should be done to make the audio as good as possible? I'm thinking a signal chain like this:
 
 - Good condensor mic (probably not a communications mic)
 - Parametric EQ.
 - Compresser running 6:1 or so (RNC?)
 - Maybe a bit of overdrive (tube distortion, just a touch?)
 - BBE Sonic Maximizer to put some sparkle into things.
 
Any other ideas?  I think a lot can be done without resorting to wide bandwidth.  I'm interested in clear audio that cuts through without sounding "like a contester".
 
- Keith N1AS -
- K2 5411.ssb.100 -
 
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