Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth

[Bill W4ZV]

Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth

by
Marshall G. Emm, N1FN

"Iambic or "squeeze" keying is one of the "Great Expectations" in CW operation.
Operators will agonize over a huge variety of
features in electronic keyers, but
support for iambic keying itself is a given. But
Iambic keying is really of very
limited value, and it's easy to become convinced that it was a BAD IDEA that
happened to catch on"

<MAJOR SNIP...full analysis in article below>

http://www.morsex.com/pubs/iambicmyth.pdf

"The Myth Exposed

The idea that iambic keying is more efficient has
been around for a long time, and few operators
ever question it, even if they are having trouble
doing it. They might blame themselves, or the
paddle, and it stops being fun. At first it does
seem to have a certain “cool” factor, and no doubt
that’s why it was invented to start with. Some
computer programmer looked at an electronic
keyer, realized that he was looking at logic
states (dot is on or off, dash is on or off) and decided
to fill in the rest of the truth table– he was
using “either a or b ,” and he was using “neither a nor
b” but he wasn’t doing anything with “both a and
b.” In other words there was a third “switch”
that wasn’t being used. Not a bad idea on the
face of it, and we’ve been paying the price ever
since.

Iambic keying became all the rage, and
manufacturers got to make a bunch of new-fangled dual
paddles. Somewhere in there electronic keyer
designers decided to offer “refinements” of the
basic principles, giving everybody Iambic A vs
Iambic B to argue about, and distracting them
from any consideration of whether Iambic Anything
was worth bothering with. It’s like saying
the emperor has no clothes, but I’ll say it
anyhow– iambic keying is clever, and fun, but of very
little practical value. Worse, it can impose a
speed limit on your sending, and ruin another
perfectly good amateur radio myth– the widely
accepted notion that anyone can send twice as
fast as he can receive. But let’s talk about that one another time....."

         The fact that most High Speed Telegraphy contestants use
single paddle keys (i.e. non-iambic) is further proof of the above.

                                 73,  Bill  W4ZV

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[Dan Romanchik KB6NU]

I read this article a couple of months ago. It seems to me that the  
author protests wayyyyy too much. He admits that iambic keying gives  
at least a 5% advantage, but then claims that it's not worth the pain  
of learning how to do it.

Well, I don't know about the rest of you, but it wasn't difficult for  
me to learn how to do it, and the 5% gain was certainly worth the  
little bit of effort it took on my part. I think N1FN, for whatever  
reason, had a lot of trouble getting the hang of it, and that got  
him so worked up that he's trying to defame the technique.

This is how it boils down for me: Try iambic keying, and if you like  
it and it's not too much hassle for you, use it. If you're not  
patient enough to learn iambic keying, or you are having trouble  
learning it, sell your dual-lever paddle and go out and buy a single-
lever one.


73!

Dan KB6NU
----------------------------------------------------------
CW Geek and MI Affiliated Club Coordinator
Read my ham radio blog at www.kb6nu.com
LET'S GET MORE KIDS INTO HAM RADIO!





On Sep 10, 2007, at 8:27 AM, Bill Tippett wrote:

> Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth
>
> by
> Marshall G. Emm, N1FN

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[Darwin, Keith]

That article is flawed.  It has errors and makes claims that cannot be
backed up.  The bottom line is that Iambic keying is more efficient,
period.  Where it falls down is in two areas:

1.  Learning - Apparently, bug users have a hard time learning to
squeeze rather than rock.

2.  Timing - The timing needed to insert elements can be very tight.
This is only an issue at high speed though.  At normal speeds, the
timing is very workable and the user can benefit from the greater
efficiency.

Rather than take other's words for it, I did my own analysis.  Given the
following sample QSO I got some real numbers:

TNX FER CALL OM UR RST 579 579 NAME BILL BILL QTH BOSTON BOSTON PSE QSL
VIA BURO 73 ES HPE CUL W1ABC DE W1AW SK

Straight Key - 268
Bug - 201
Single Paddle - 164
Iambic - 142

In this case, the bug is 25% less closures than the straight key, the
single paddle is 18.4% better than the bug and the iambic key is 13.4%
better than the single paddle.

The efficiency of the iambic method is no myth.  Whether it is worth
learning depends entirely on how able or motivated you are to learn
something new.

73 all!

- Keith N1AS -
- K2 5411.ssb.100 -


-----Original Message-----
From: [hidden email]
[mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Bill Tippett
Sent: Monday, September 10, 2007 8:28 AM
To: [hidden email]
Subject: [Elecraft] Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth

Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth

http://www.morsex.com/pubs/iambicmyth.pdf

... The idea that iambic keying is more efficient has been around for a
long time, and few operators ever question it ...
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[David A. Belsley]

This is a no-win argument because you'll never convince anyone who  
thinks strongly one way or the other that he/she might not posses a  
universal truth.  But, the issue is really a matter of personal  
experience and not someone else's opinion.  My personal experience is  
entirely opposite that expressed in Bill's note.  I have been sending  
code for 55 years, using straight keys, bugs, and iambic keying.  And  
there is no question that, for me, iambic keying is vastly -- I  
repeat, vastly -- superior to the other methods.  It is faster and,  
once learned, simpler.  For the most part, I also find that iambic  
keying tends to lead to far better code -- although there are  
notorious counterexamples here.  Learning did not take me very long:  
I was up and running almost immediately, requiring only a few days  
"lone time" before I felt competent to go on the air at a decent  
speed.  Within a month I was quite easy with speeds in the 30s.

It is certainly not the case that "anyone can send twice as fast as  
he can receive," a comment that demonstrably does not apply to many I  
have encountered on the air, regardless of the method used.  This is  
a comment that may apply to those in their early stages of learning.  
Of course, I am assuming here that "sending" is done by key and not  
keyboard.

I have chimed in here against my better judgement because I feel this  
is an issue that has to be solved by each individual.  I know nothing  
I say is going to change the minds of the "fundamentalists" on issues  
like these, but for those who are still trying to figure out how the  
wind blows, I simply say, "put up your own wetted finger and come to  
your own conclusions -- they are the only ones that count."

best wishes,

david belsley, w1euy


On Sep 10, 2007, at 8:27 AM, Bill Tippett wrote:

> Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth
>
> by
> Marshall G. Emm, N1FN
>
> "Iambic or "squeeze" keying is one of the "Great Expectations" in  
> CW operation.
> Operators will agonize over a huge variety of features in  
> electronic keyers, but
> support for iambic keying itself is a given. But Iambic keying is  
> really of very
> limited value, and it's easy to become convinced that it was a BAD  
> IDEA that
> happened to catch on"
>
> <MAJOR SNIP...full analysis in article below>
>
> http://www.morsex.com/pubs/iambicmyth.pdf
>
> "The Myth Exposed
>
> The idea that iambic keying is more efficient has been around for a  
> long time, and few operators
> ever question it, even if they are having trouble doing it. They  
> might blame themselves, or the
> paddle, and it stops being fun. At first it does seem to have a  
> certain “cool” factor, and no doubt
> that’s why it was invented to start with. Some computer programmer  
> looked at an electronic
> keyer, realized that he was looking at logic states (dot is on or  
> off, dash is on or off) and decided
> to fill in the rest of the truth table– he was using “either a or  
> b ,” and he was using “neither a nor
> b” but he wasn’t doing anything with “both a and b.” In other words  
> there was a third “switch”
> that wasn’t being used. Not a bad idea on the face of it, and we’ve  
> been paying the price ever
> since.
>
> Iambic keying became all the rage, and manufacturers got to make a  
> bunch of new-fangled dual
> paddles. Somewhere in there electronic keyer designers decided to  
> offer “refinements” of the
> basic principles, giving everybody Iambic A vs Iambic B to argue  
> about, and distracting them
> from any consideration of whether Iambic Anything was worth  
> bothering with. It’s like saying
> the emperor has no clothes, but I’ll say it anyhow– iambic keying  
> is clever, and fun, but of very
> little practical value. Worse, it can impose a speed limit on your  
> sending, and ruin another
> perfectly good amateur radio myth– the widely accepted notion that  
> anyone can send twice as
> fast as he can receive. But let’s talk about that one another  
> time....."
>
>         The fact that most High Speed Telegraphy contestants use
> single paddle keys (i.e. non-iambic) is further proof of the above.
>
>                                 73,  Bill  W4ZV
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--------------------------------------------
david a. belsley
professor of economics
boston college




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[Brett gazdzinski-2]

Never having a bug, or a paddle, or any sort of keyer,
only a straight key (about 500 contacts with it), can
someone explain what does what?

I thought a bug did dits one way and dahs the other, and
would do so as long as it was held, using a bouncing weight
against a spring.

I thought an electronic keyer was the same, without the weights.

I cant guess what you would 'squeeze', or what iambic is, or
what a and b are.....

Maybe someday I will try these new gizmo's.

Brett

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[M0XDF]

Thank you for putting the other side of the case, I'm one of those 'who are
still trying to figure out how the wind blows'.

I have a K3 on order and purchased a HexKey at the same time, thinking it
would be rather nice to have a key from Elecraft to go with the K3.

However, as yet I can't send any Morse, having only got to the point of
'almost' reading it all, and that at rather low speed.

So, I'm not sure whether to keep the HexKey on order, since shipment to the
UK would be expensive if I wasn't shipping the K3 + as well. Or if I should
go for a much cheaper single paddle alternative from the UK.

I know this will be a matter of personal preference, but that's hard to make
with previous experience at all to fall back to.


On 10/9/07 15:17, "David A. Belsley" <[hidden email]> sent:

> I have chimed in here against my better judgement because I feel this
> is an issue that has to be solved by each individual.  I know nothing
> I say is going to change the minds of the "fundamentalists" on issues
> like these, but for those who are still trying to figure out how the
> wind blows, I simply say, "put up your own wetted finger and come to
> your own conclusions -- they are the only ones that count."

--
I don't mind that you think slowly but I do mind that you are publishing
faster than you think.
-Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel laureate (1900-1958)



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[Darwin, Keith]

If you are a beginner, learning iambic is easy and it is the most
efficient.  If you're a seasoned bug user, it is tougher since you have
relearn your sending technique.  Iambic is also easy to use at slow (<20
wpm) speeds.  So I'd whole heartedly say stick with the HexKey and learn
squeeze keying.  You'll send better code with less effort compared to
the old fashioned way of starting with a straight key.

Once you've learned CW and found how much fun it is, spend some time and
learn to send with a straight key and a bug.  They're fun.  Might as
well add a sideswiper to the list and learn that too (last).

- Keith N1AS -
- K2 5411.ssb.100 -

-----Original Message-----

I have a K3 on order and purchased a HexKey at the same time, thinking
it would be rather nice to have a key from Elecraft to go with the K3.

However, as yet I can't send any Morse, having only got to the point of
'almost' reading it all, and that at rather low speed.

So, I'm not sure whether to keep the HexKey on order, since shipment to
the UK would be expensive if I wasn't shipping the K3 + as well. Or if I
should go for a much cheaper single paddle alternative from the UK.

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[Bob Nielsen-2]

Brett,

A typical semiautomatic bug uses the spring and weights to output a  
series of dots.  Dashes are created by repeatedly pressing the paddle  
to the left (there are models which are fully automatic, using  
separate pendulums for dots and dashes).

Iambic or squeeze mode in a keyer will output alternating dots and  
dashes when both paddles are closed.

I used a bug for many years before trying an electronic keyer.  I  
never have tried to master iambic but typically use the paddles  
sequentially, which I am sure limits my speed, but 30-35 wpm is fast  
enough for me in any case.  I suppose a single-lever paddle would be  
better for this, but I haven't yet discovered one I really like (my  
favorite paddle is a Begali Simplex, with an old Brown Brothers as a  
close second).

Bob, N7XY

On Sep 10, 2007, at 7:33 AM, Brett gazdzinski wrote:

> Never having a bug, or a paddle, or any sort of keyer,
> only a straight key (about 500 contacts with it), can
> someone explain what does what?
>
> I thought a bug did dits one way and dahs the other, and
> would do so as long as it was held, using a bouncing weight
> against a spring.
>
> I thought an electronic keyer was the same, without the weights.
>
> I cant guess what you would 'squeeze', or what iambic is, or
> what a and b are.....
>
> Maybe someday I will try these new gizmo's.
>
> Brett
>

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[John Huggins]

I love this discussion.  Being a beginner CW person (practical fast CW
anyway) I was pondering what key to get: Single vs. Double paddles.

The single lever would pay more homage to my OM who did 40+ WPM in WW2
using what he called a "bug."  I am not sure what bug meant then, but I
sure wanted to be like him.

Then a Begali came up for sale on Ebay last night... a double paddle.  I
grabbed it up with "Buy it now" and cannot wait to see what happens next.

I still only think in left or right and have not squeezed much yet, but
am an eager student.

Thank you all for re-inspiring me to get better at CW no matter what
approach I find.

John

David Ferrington, M0XDF wrote:

>Thank you for putting the other side of the case, I'm one of those 'who are
>still trying to figure out how the wind blows'.
>
>I have a K3 on order and purchased a HexKey at the same time, thinking it
>would be rather nice to have a key from Elecraft to go with the K3.
>
>However, as yet I can't send any Morse, having only got to the point of
>'almost' reading it all, and that at rather low speed.
>
>So, I'm not sure whether to keep the HexKey on order, since shipment to the
>UK would be expensive if I wasn't shipping the K3 + as well. Or if I should
>go for a much cheaper single paddle alternative from the UK.
>
>I know this will be a matter of personal preference, but that's hard to make
>with previous experience at all to fall back to.
>
>
>On 10/9/07 15:17, "David A. Belsley" <[hidden email]> sent:
>
>  
>
>>I have chimed in here against my better judgement because I feel this
>>is an issue that has to be solved by each individual.  I know nothing
>>I say is going to change the minds of the "fundamentalists" on issues
>>like these, but for those who are still trying to figure out how the
>>wind blows, I simply say, "put up your own wetted finger and come to
>>your own conclusions -- they are the only ones that count."
>>    
>>
>
>  
>

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[Thom LaCosta]

On Mon, 10 Sep 2007, Bob Nielsen wrote:

>
> I used a bug for many years before trying an electronic keyer.  I never have
> tried to master iambic but typically use the paddles sequentially, which I am
> sure limits my speed, but 30-35 wpm is fast enough for me in any case.  I
> suppose a single-lever paddle would be better for this, but I haven't yet
> discovered one I really like (my favorite paddle is a Begali Simplex, with an
> old Brown Brothers as a close second).

When I first tried a paddle I went ballistic...and finally found a Brown
Brothers, which I use sorta, kinda, somewhat like a bug....Dots are no problem,
but i still find it real hard not to tickle the dash lever for individual
elements.

Maybe I should see if the machinists at the Streetcar Museum can help me roll a
single-lever paddle.  I once tried to get price quotes to reproduce the Brown
Bothers...the K3 fully loaded was cheap in comparison to a production run.

73 k3hrn
Thom,EIEIO
Email, Internet, Electronic Information Officer

www.baltimorehon.com/                    Home of the Baltimore Lexicon
www.tlchost.net/hosting/                 Web Hosting as low as 3.49/month
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[wayne burdick]

Bill Tippett wrote:

> Iambic Keying - Debunking the Myth....


Bill,

Whether or not Iambic mode allows faster keying, the fact is that many
operators learned using keyers that function this way. So we would be
remiss in not supporting it. (The first time I designed a keyer -- the
Wilderness Radio KC1 -- it started out as mode A only. I was flayed by
hordes of mode B fans, so I added it. It's been there in every keyer
I've created since.)

Anyone who finds Iambic keying a distraction should use mode A, which
is "less Iambic" than mode B, in that it is far less likely to insert
elements that you don't want. You can also use a single-lever paddle,
which completely eliminates the possibility of squeezing  :)

As I mentioned earlier, we'll eventually provide a way to turn off the
dot/dash memories, too.

73,
Wayne
N6KR


---

http://www.elecraft.com

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[k6dgw]

Dan KB6NU wrote:
> If you're not patient enough to learn iambic keying, or you are having
> trouble learning it, sell your dual-lever paddle and go out and buy a
> single-lever one.
>
No need to sell your dual-paddle thingy, single-lever action is a
built-in *feature* of all dual-paddle keys.  Nothing to switch, no menu
settings to change.  Simply use your thumb for whatever element you have
on that side, and use whatever finger[s] you choose for the other
element ... just don't use them at the same time.

Fortunately, this is easy for many of us.  I built my first keyer in
1957, about half way through my senior year in HS.  It had about 10 dual
triodes, weighed about a brick, and I separated the left and right sides
of my bug [a decidedly single-lever device] and tied down the armature
to operate it .  Contrary to the mildly pejorative comment about vacuum
tube keyers on the reflector recently,  my current K1EL keyer operates
for me pretty much like my "brick" if you ignore the message memories
... which I usually do.  Loading them is hard.

Now, the K1EL weighs about a an orange or maybe a small peach, runs off
a wall wart, doesn't get warm, and I suspect the electric meter spins
slower.  Progress is progress.

73,

Fred K6DGW/7
Lincoln City OR
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[David A. Belsley]

David:
   I would keep the Hex Key on order.  It is an excellent iambic  
key.  I would keep it and try.  If you never have a true iambic key,  
you'll never be able to find out if you really want one, so it is a  
good educational investment.  I have a Hex Key, which I like a good  
deal. I prefer non-magnetic types, such as my WBL, but I would not be  
at all unhappy if I had only the Hex Key.  Go at all of this with a  
positive, can-do attitude and enjoy.  Nothing worthwhile comes  
easily, but most worthwhile things are fun to attain.

best wishes, and good luck,

dave belsley, w1euy


On Sep 10, 2007, at 10:35 AM, David Ferrington, M0XDF wrote:

> Thank you for putting the other side of the case, I'm one of those  
> 'who are
> still trying to figure out how the wind blows'.
>
> I have a K3 on order and purchased a HexKey at the same time,  
> thinking it
> would be rather nice to have a key from Elecraft to go with the K3.
>
> However, as yet I can't send any Morse, having only got to the  
> point of
> 'almost' reading it all, and that at rather low speed.
>
> So, I'm not sure whether to keep the HexKey on order, since  
> shipment to the
> UK would be expensive if I wasn't shipping the K3 + as well. Or if  
> I should
> go for a much cheaper single paddle alternative from the UK.
>
> I know this will be a matter of personal preference, but that's  
> hard to make
> with previous experience at all to fall back to.
>
>
> On 10/9/07 15:17, "David A. Belsley" <[hidden email]> sent:
>
>> I have chimed in here against my better judgement because I feel this
>> is an issue that has to be solved by each individual.  I know nothing
>> I say is going to change the minds of the "fundamentalists" on issues
>> like these, but for those who are still trying to figure out how the
>> wind blows, I simply say, "put up your own wetted finger and come to
>> your own conclusions -- they are the only ones that count."
>
> --
> I don't mind that you think slowly but I do mind that you are  
> publishing
> faster than you think.
> -Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel laureate (1900-1958)
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Elecraft mailing list
> Post to: [hidden email]
> You must be a subscriber to post to the list.
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> Elecraft web page: http://www.elecraft.com

--------------------------------------------
david a. belsley
professor of economics
boston college




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[Brett gazdzinski-2]

Thanks everyone for the replies (on and off list).

I should try this stuff, and I would think the
system where you push the thing one way and get dits,
the other way you get dahs would be best for me, I might
be able to pick it up that way.

I used to be able to send nice code at 25 wpm with the straight
key when I was in practice.
Of course, everyone thinks their code is very good I suppose,
how else does one explain all the people with NO space between letters
or people with the same length dits and dahs?

MINE was very good though...really!

Brett
N2DTS

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