Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Tom Mc
Does anyone know where we stand on the sunspot cycle?  Are at the bottom
(please say yes!) and when is it expected to start to inch up?

Thanks
Tom
WB2QDG

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------
Daddy, why do they call it the "World Series" if its always played in the
Bronx?



-----Original Message-----
From: Ron D'Eau Claire <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email] <[hidden email]>
Date: Sunday, July 18, 2004 4:29 PM
Subject: RE: [Elecraft] Another dumb one


First, I rather enjoy the HF bands during the sunspot minimum. I've been
operating through several of them since the 1950's and I can say from
experience that the HF bands are far from "useless" during the minimums
unless you demand the ability to bust a DX pileup with QRP at any hour of
the day or night. As the sunspots drop in level, the lower frequency bands
(40/80/160) become the more commonly-used bands for skip propagation. That's
because the MUF - the frequency above which you won't get any skip
propagation - often drops below 14 MHz and sometimes even drops below 7 MHz.
Forty meters has something going on at almost any time, day or night,
sunspot high or low. That's why it's so popular. I like 20. Sometimes it's
d-e-a-d, but more often than not I'll find some odd propagation working.
More than once I've tuned across a "dead" 20 meter CW band and called CQ and
gotten a reply from someone half way around the earth who says that my
signal was the only one he could hear! It sometimes leads to an enjoyable
"rag chew" with a DX station.

Messing around near the MUF produces very surprising and interesting
results, although it also means the propagation conditions are anything but
predictable!

During the sunspot maxima six meters can experience the same sort of "skip"
conditions the lower bands do when the solar activity pushes the MUF up
above 50 MHz from time to time. But now that is a rare occasion and six
meter propagation is by other means more like the other VHF bands.

As for your questions about the K2 tuning and transverters, the K2 frequency
display does not indicate the actual frequency the K2 is receiving (or
transmitting). It only displays the frequency the control circuits want the
K2 to use based on data stored in memory when your ran CAL PLL. If you tune
too far you'll exceed the tuning range of the K2 and it won't go any
farther. The dial will continue to increment, however.

A transverter is a contraction for "transmitting converter". When you are
receiving, it converts the VHF band signals down to an HF band for the K2 to
receive. VHF bands require a different "front end" design than the HF bands.
VHF frequencies have lower background QRN levels and so need a "quieter"
first stage in the receiver. The transverter provides that, producing
superior performance compared to simply adjusting an HF rig to tune the
higher frequencies.

The Elecraft units use the 10 meter band. So while you're listening to a VHF
band through the transverter connected to your K2, you're actually hearing
the signals coming out of the transverter on 10 meters. The logic circuits
in the K2 convert the dial reading so you read the VHF frequency directly.

When you transmit, the K2 puts out transmit RF on 10 meters and the
transverter converts it up to the VHF frequency. Only a small amount of RF
is needed from the K2. The final RF power output is produced by an RF
amplifier in the transverter.  The Elecraft transverters are designed to
produce 20 watts output, CW or SSB. That's enough for most general purpose
work, even chasing DX with the proper antenna system. Just keep in mind that
the propagation of radio waves is drastically different at VHF and often
requires different operating techniques than you'd use on HF.

Ron AC7AC

-----Original Message-----



Hi again everyone,

     The reason I was asking about the 6-meter stuff was that the HF bands
are in about the same shape as my dog...he dies two years ago.  With the
exception of 1-hour in the evening and two hours in the morning, the bands
are pretty
useless...and we still have YEARS to go before it improves.

I overheard some people talking at the Ham Fest here in Colorado and they
were saying that 6-meters is really hopping for CW-DX during the daytime
hours.
One guy said he's averaging over 25 contact in a two hours period...WOW!  If

he's right, I've gotta get me one of these...

                                            73 de Terry   KC0QZX


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Rod N0RC
Sorry Tom,

We're only half way to the bottom. See:

  http://www.sel.noaa.gov/SolarCycle/

for the details.

--
73, Rod N0RC


----- Original Message -----
From: "Tom Mc" <[hidden email]>
To: "Ron D'Eau Claire" <[hidden email]>;
<[hidden email]>
Sent: Sunday, July 18, 2004 5:03 PM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle


> Does anyone know where we stand on the sunspot cycle?  Are at
the bottom
> (please say yes!) and when is it expected to start to inch up?
>
> Thanks
> Tom
> WB2QDG
...


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

g4ilo-2
In reply to this post by Tom Mc
So it's going to be another 3 years before we're back to where we are now.
:-( Not a happy thought for those of us who run low power from an
antenna-restricted location.

73,
--
Julian, G4ILO. (RSGB, ARRL, G-QRP, K2 #392)
G4ILO's Shack: http://www.qsl.net/g4ilo

"Rod N0RC" <[hidden email]> wrote:

Sorry Tom,

We're only half way to the bottom. See:

  http://www.sel.noaa.gov/SolarCycle/

for the details.

--
73, Rod N0RC

 



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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Daniel Reynolds-2
In reply to this post by Tom Mc
Try the second half of 2007...

http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/images/ssn_predict_l.gif

- 72
Daniel / AA0NI
K2 #3421

--- Tom Mc <[hidden email]> wrote:
> Does anyone know where we stand on the sunspot cycle?  Are at the bottom
> (please say yes!) and when is it expected to start to inch up?

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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Mike Morrow-3
In reply to this post by Tom Mc
> Does anyone know where we stand on the sunspot cycle?  Are at the bottom
> (please say yes!) and when is it expected to start to inch up?


It may just be my own personal perception, but this passing cycle, the
fourth since I was first licensed, has been the most generally disappointing
one.  It just didn't seem to consistently set up the great conditions on the
higher bands as did the maximums of the previous two cycles in particular.

Here's hoping for a better one coming, the longevity to make use of it, and
the defeat of BPL so that it can be used.

73,
Mike / KK5F

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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Thom LaCosta
On Mon, 19 Jul 2004, Mike Morrow wrote:

> the defeat of BPL so that it can be used.

Well, without the defeat of BPL, for many of us it won't matter
what the sun does...we won't be able to hear anything.

73
Thom-k3hrn

http://www.baltimorehon.com/            Home of the Baltimore Lexicon
http://www.tlchost.net/              Web Hosting as low as 3.49/month
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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Rod N0RC
In reply to this post by g4ilo-2
Buck up Julian,

It won't be that bad. We had our fun during the peak. Now it's time to
"pay the bill". :-) I for one am approaching this solar-min with
curiosity--to see what happens and trying to understand why. Consider
this question. Even without flares/CMEs...etc. I've seen significant
geomagnetic activity at times. Not sure I understand why yet.

And if all else fails I have other interests to pursue--QRP Motorcycling
for example. (Bicycling :-)

--
73, Rod N0RC
----- Original Message -----
From: "Julian, G4ILO" <[hidden email]>
To: "Elecraft List" <[hidden email]>
Sent: Monday, July 19, 2004 5:56 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle


> So it's going to be another 3 years before we're back to where we are
now.
> :-( Not a happy thought for those of us who run low power from an
> antenna-restricted location.
>


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Stuart Rohre
In reply to this post by Mike Morrow-3
If the average Sun Spot cycle can be called 11 years, and if 2002 was the
peak year, (somewhat muddied because of an apparent double peak this time);
then, from a peak to bottom should be 5 1/2 years.  The bottom would be in
2007, and then another 5 1/2 years would bring the next peak around 2013.
But remember, cycles are sparked with bumps and events that bring the
sunspot effects back up to near normal on short term basis, even during down
side of cycle.

Anyway, you can search Google for many good sites on Sunspot Cycle, or
simply go to the NIST web site, and find the actual peak, and projections of
next cycle period.
73,
Stuart
K5KVH


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Stuart Rohre
In reply to this post by Mike Morrow-3
The great Sunspot cycle peak in 1957 was the greatest ever recorded.   For
some of us that were just coming into radio, it is hard to take cycles that
do not reach those dizzy heights.

For a young ham in 1957, sitting in a mobile with AM rig of about 50 watts,
talking to Australia in the middle of a Sat. afternoon was a great high
point!   There were plenty of other thrills in 57 and 58 cycle.

Unfortunately, I was inactive at the 1968 cycle, but the others have not
generated the thrills of 57.
-Stuart
K5KVH


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RE: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Stan Wilson
In reply to this post by Rod N0RC
I have been operating for 50 years this month.   So seen several sun
spot cycles.  

I have been operating 50 years this month, so I have lived through
several sun spot cycles.  One has to move with the cycle.   Now is the
time to begin experimenting and working out how to best get on 160, 80,
60, and 40 meters.

You will not work a VK or JA in the middle of the night on 20 meters for
the next couple of years,  but it is possible to work one early in the
morning on 80 meters.

10 meters will come back, just not for micro watt DX for a few years.
Good antenna, good operating skills and a good receiver will let you
communicate at present anyway with a low sun spot number, now if BPL
comes about then that is a different story.  

But today is the time to figure out how you are going to do it.   I
worked all states on 75 SSB the last low number and had fun doing it.
No the antenna was not something super, it was just a simple dipole
about 18 ft off the ground.  KL7 and KH6 were tough but I got both of
them confirmed.  

Many of today's operating problems are no one wants to be first to call
CQ.  Tune your antenna, find out where the gang is hiding out, there are
several hot spots on 80 CW.  You can work 200 to 400 miles any night on
80 and often with the minimum you can hook up with Europe or a VK.
PSK31 works great on 3580 with just a watt to a warbler.   Really cheap
radio, fun to build, fun to operate.    I never did put mine in a case,
Just put some standoffs on the boards and let it sit in front of the
computer, I thought it look cute.

Now sun flares are bad news, not sure what to do when they are
destroying our reflective layer, maybe that is when we have to work the
locals on VHF.  But the flares only last a day or so.

AGAIN I REPEAT -   NOW IS THE TIME  to   tune up some wire for 80
meters, sharpen your operating skills and make sure you have a good
receiver, if you have a K2 you are third of the way there already.  

De Stan ak0b        

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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Earl W Cunningham
In reply to this post by Tom Mc
Stuart, K5KVH wrote:

"The great Sunspot cycle peak in 1957 was the greatest ever recorded."
==========
That was my first sunspot cycle peak -- the peak was actually in 1958
when the smoothed sunspot number exceeded 200.  Among other things then,
I vividly remember, as W8DGP, running three watts output from my homebrew
10-meter mobile on AM phone with a bumper-mounted 8-foot whip when I
worked a ZL from my driveway in Detroit on 29610 kHz (then the "calling"
frequency for 10-meter mobiles).  1958 was named "The International
Geophysical Year" (IGY) by scientists studying the sunpot cycle.

A local ham friend, W8RLT, ran a KW on 6-meter AM then and proudly
displayed a framed letter on his shack wall from the BBC he received back
then which asked him to either turn his beam another way or to reduce
power because he was causing TVI to all of the sets in England on the BBC
channel which was on 48 to 54 MHz.

Although sunspot cycles are described as 11 years long, since the 1958
peak the average length has been about 10-1/2 years.  The rise from
minimum to maximum is about 4 to 4-1/2 years and the decline from maximum
to minimum is about 6 to 6-1/2 years.

73, de Earl, K6SE
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Re: Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

dlajr
In reply to this post by Tom Mc
In 1957, I was ten years old, and I built my first kit (with the help of my father).  It was a Space Spanner.  I received transmissions of all sorts, and several modes, from all over the world using a wire out my bedroom window that ran to an insulator I had nailed into the eave of an outbuilding.  It was magic, and it started me on a journey that I am still travelling today.  My father became so enthused that he became licensed in 1958, and helped me to get licensed in 1959.

Then, as now, I lived in Greer, South Carolina.  Nobody alive in the south at that time had ever seen an aurora.  I can remember in the fall of 1957, and the winter of 1957-1958, the sky would glow a pinkish-orange almost every night.  It looked as though we were living inside of a neon tube!  Some nights it was bright enough to read by. People were running crazy in the streets saying that the world was coming to an end.

Even in 1959, the cycle was so potent that I would come home from school and work the U.S. on 80 meters with a one watt tube transmitter that I had ordered from the back of a magazine.

If there is such a thing as sun spot cycle nostalgia, 1957 would get my vote!

Dan Allen
KB4ZVM
K2 S/N 1757
 
>
> From: "Stuart Rohre" <[hidden email]>
> Date: 2004/07/19 Mon PM 04:58:22 EDT
> To: "Mike Morrow" <[hidden email]>,  <[hidden email]>
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle
>
>


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Jessie Oberreuter
In reply to this post by g4ilo-2

On Mon, 19 Jul 2004, Julian, G4ILO wrote:

> So it's going to be another 3 years before we're back to where we are now.
> :-( Not a happy thought for those of us who run low power from an
> antenna-restricted location.

     I know the feeling.  Every time I visit my friend Ki7el with his G5RV
up 50', I'm reminded that the bands aren't dead, my compromised antenna in
the middle of Seattle is :).  Fortunately, a number of solutions exist:

     * Take your operating to the field.  I only do casual rag-chewing
from home.  When I want to do more serious operating, I grab some friends,
drive somewhere decent, and set up a portable station.  Not only does this
feed my radio habit, it also fosters community and team work.

     * Don't forget VHF!  VHF contesting is a lot of fun and efficient
antennas can be very small and unobtrusive.  Rover and portable operations
add new dimensions which can be adventures in themselves.  I still kick
myself for the five years I spent as a Tech with my radios packed away in
the closet, when all the while I was in the perfect position to work some
great DX on the upper bands ... if only I had known!  The game is a little
different, so find a local club or organization (or talk to me!) if you'd
like some help getting started :).

     * Optimize your antennas for your operating style.  All too many of
us give up quality for quantity.  If you choose 1-2 bands and modes that
you know will get out, and tune your station for the specific sub-bands
that match your interests, you can probably come up with efficient
antennas for almost any space.  Get a good rig with good filters, plan
your operating around the times when your band segments are most active,
and don't forget contests -- they aren't all cut-throat, and many of them
come complete with their own communities of folks who are also great
casual operators.

     * Sharpen your operating skills.  Know when your bands are open,
monitor them in the background, call CQ (and for long enough that someone
tuning around will find you), don't be afraid to call stations at the end
their QSOs, don't be afraid to use your key, and don't be afraid to
cross-mode.



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RE: Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Ron D'Eau Claire-2
In reply to this post by dlajr
I agree, Dan. I was in the National Guard back then and one day I was in the
Army testing an AN/PRC-6 "walkie talkie" that shared the Amateur six meter
band. It ran about 50 mw output, A.M. phone I think. As I was listening I
heard a Ham calling CQ from over 1,000 miles away. I answered using my Ham
call and we went on to have a nice QSO. Note this was with about 50 mw A.M.
(equal to maybe 5 or 10 mW SSB) into a short whip on a "walkie talkie".

Still, there is a world to discover during the sunspot "down" cycle.

Lots of ops will sigh and resign themselves to VHF or local contacts, never
scanning the "dead" bands near the MUF or expecting the unexpected on any
band. It's their loss.

We're simply moving into a different time on the HF bands. Not less
interesting if you're interested in "radio" in general. But different.

And there is still a lot we do NOT know about propagation. All the detailed
computer models make people feel like we know it all. All we know is what we
can predict. There is still a world of unpredictability. When I was
servicing electronics on large ocean going ships, one radio officer showed
me his logs about the night in the middle of the Pacific Ocean they searched
for a lifeboat after a sinking. He had been knocked out of his bunk by the
"auto-alarm" that monitors the 500 kHz distress frequency. That happened all
the time because of lightning and other QRN fooling the simple detection
system. This time, when he sleepily tuned in 500 kHz he heard the signal
that made his skin tingle and both eyes snap full open. SOS SOS SOS followed
by a ship's call sign. It was a ship sinking and the crew had already taken
to the lifeboats. He was hearing a hand-cranked lifeboat radio bleating out
it's automatic call. He summoned his Captain and soon they were following
the signal on their radio direction finder.

Suddenly the direction changed rapidly, meaning they had just gone past the
lifeboat and they started a search pattern. They cris-crossed that area of
the sea for hours trying to find that lifeboat before the signal finally
faded out. A few hours later the radio officer had his answer. There had
been a sinking that night of the ship whose call sign they copied at exactly
that time. The crew had been rescued from the lifeboat. Only it was in the
Mediterranean Sea halfway around the world. There is no way at all that it
is possible for a signal at 500 kHz to overcome the absorption in daylight
and travel to the "dark" side of the planet to put in a strong enough signal
to set off the auto alarm and to allow the RDF to operate, but it clearly
did. The call signs matched those they had chased through the darkness.

There is a *lot* we don't know about radio propagation yet, and after 50+
years of pounding brass and reading everything I can find on the subject, I
know there is far, far more that I personally haven't learned yet.

The downside of the sunspot cycle is simply another opportunity to learn
about the minimum period.

I work with computer modeling in many areas every day, from valuating Real
Estate to tinkering with electronic circuits. They are wonderful tools. But
every day I meet people who think we "understand" what is going on because
it's been modeled. Punch in the numbers and you "know" the answer. I remind
them that we have modeled only that which we *do* understand, and it might
all be wrong.

But we'll only know when we're wrong if there are curious ops who will go
looking for the anomalies instead of using the predictions as "fact" and
simply ignoring all the times they're not right.  

Ron AC7AC



-----Original Message-----
From: [hidden email]
[mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of [hidden email]
Sent: Monday, July 19, 2004 5:56 PM
To: Stuart Rohre; Mike Morrow; [hidden email]
Subject: Re: Re: [Elecraft] Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle


In 1957, I was ten years old, and I built my first kit (with the help of my
father).  It was a Space Spanner.  I received transmissions of all sorts,
and several modes, from all over the world using a wire out my bedroom
window that ran to an insulator I had nailed into the eave of an
outbuilding.  It was magic, and it started me on a journey that I am still
travelling today.  My father became so enthused that he became licensed in
1958, and helped me to get licensed in 1959.

Then, as now, I lived in Greer, South Carolina.  Nobody alive in the south
at that time had ever seen an aurora.  I can remember in the fall of 1957,
and the winter of 1957-1958, the sky would glow a pinkish-orange almost
every night.  It looked as though we were living inside of a neon tube!
Some nights it was bright enough to read by. People were running crazy in
the streets saying that the world was coming to an end.

Even in 1959, the cycle was so potent that I would come home from school and
work the U.S. on 80 meters with a one watt tube transmitter that I had
ordered from the back of a magazine.

If there is such a thing as sun spot cycle nostalgia, 1957 would get my
vote!

Dan Allen
KB4ZVM
K2 S/N 1757


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Re: Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Larry Makoski W2LJ
In reply to this post by dlajr
This must be what I'm a Ham today !!!  Reading these accounts makes me
wish I was a Ham back  in 1957.  I guess it was enough to be born in
1957.  I wonder how many other Hams were born in the IGY ?


----- Original Message -----
From: <[hidden email]>
>
> Then, as now, I lived in Greer, South Carolina.  Nobody alive in the
south at that time had ever seen an aurora.  I can remember in the fall
of 1957, and the winter of 1957-1958, the sky would glow a
pinkish-orange almost every night.  It looked as though we were living
inside of a neon tube!  Some nights it was bright enough to read by.
People were running crazy in the streets saying that the world was
coming to an end.
>



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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Milt -- N5IA
In reply to this post by Ron D'Eau Claire-2

----- Original Message -----
From: "Ron D'Eau Claire" <[hidden email]>

>>>> The downside of the sunspot cycle is simply another opportunity to
learn about the minimum period.<<<<


No one has mentioned it yet but I and many others like me are licking our
lips in anticipation of the upcoming minimum.  We thrive on the challenges
presented by TOPBAND, 160 Meters.

We practice our skills, trying new antennas both on receive and transmit,
and spend primarily the winter nights and early mornings looking for
contacts around the world.

Yes, there are still many unknowns regarding the propagation of signals on
the lower bands, especially 160 Meters.

So, rather than bemoaning the coming "minimum", look forward to improved
conditions and an opportunity to explore one of the last frontiers of
Amateur Radio.  I guarantee you will be surprised at the activity, the
comaraderie of TopBand enthusiasts, and the knowledge you will gain of
antenna systems and propagation.

See you all on this season.

de Milt, N5IA


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

g4ilo-2
In reply to this post by Tom Mc
> The downside of the sunspot cycle is simply another opportunity to
> learn about the minimum period

Talk about turning a problem into an opportunity...

It's good to see there are some optimists out there, but I feel that some
replies missed my original point. If you live in a property occupying about
8m x 8m ground area, with a similar sized back yard, and are forced to use
attic antennas because you aren't allowed outside antennas anyway, it's
hard enough to radiate a signal on 40m, leave alone 80 or 160, and QRP
(essential to avoid RFI problems with attic antennas) doesn't help matters.

I've never been able to operate successfully on the lower frequencies. The
laws of physics are against me.

Thanks for the ideas, anyway.

73,
--
Julian, G4ILO. (RSGB, ARRL, G-QRP, K2 #392)
G4ILO's Shack: http://www.qsl.net/g4ilo




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RE: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Ron D'Eau Claire-2
I've been through the attic antenna limitation through a Solar minimum,
Julian. In your situation I limited myself to 15 watts on 20/40 meters
simply because lower frequencies were so hard to put out a signal on that
didn't make the lights blink and the phones ring. Having an antenna so close
to other devices that there's a lot of inductive coupling is a real pain.

Still, I had a lot of fun on both bands, even at the bottom of the cycle. 20
is more of real "daytime DX" band at the bottom of the cycle, often acting
at certain daytime hours like it has for the past couple of years late at
night.  Running 15 watts into an attic dipole I've worked long-path DX at
the bottom of the cycle just as I did at the "top". It simply takes a little
more patience and learning about how the band openings work when ol' Sol is
quieter. 40 offers interesting QRP and QRPp short-skip conditions much like
80 has done for the past few years, but with much smaller antennas. I'm
looking forward to working more QRPpers running a few mW on 40 as short-skip
conditions become more common after the sun goes down. Adding 30 meters to
our band lineup really helped, too, as the MUF shifts from below 7 to up
around 14 during the lowest part of the activity cycle.

Now that I have an outdoor antenna, I complain that my lot doesn't allow
more than about 80 feet of wire up at 30 feet or so. Still I'm grateful for
every millimeter of height and length I can get.

Ron AC7AC


-----Original Message-----
> The downside of the sunspot cycle is simply another opportunity to
> learn about the minimum period

Talk about turning a problem into an opportunity...

It's good to see there are some optimists out there, but I feel that some
replies missed my original point. If you live in a property occupying about
8m x 8m ground area, with a similar sized back yard, and are forced to use
attic antennas because you aren't allowed outside antennas anyway, it's
hard enough to radiate a signal on 40m, leave alone 80 or 160, and QRP
(essential to avoid RFI problems with attic antennas) doesn't help matters.

I've never been able to operate successfully on the lower frequencies. The
laws of physics are against me.

Thanks for the ideas, anyway.

73,
--
Julian, G4ILO. (RSGB, ARRL, G-QRP, K2 #392)
G4ILO's Shack: http://www.qsl.net/g4ilo


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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

n6wg
In reply to this post by Stuart Rohre
Stuart, how true that is.

I got my Novice in 1952 at the bottom of that cycle, and didn't even know
about
cycles at that time.  Just got on the air and had fun.

By 1957, I was in the Army in Alaska.  Between the peak cycle conditions and
my KL7 call, it didn't seem like there was anything I couldn't work.

My best ever QSO was a roundtable on ssb with me in Alaska, a station in
Thule, Greenland, one at the WWVH site in Hawaii, and one at the South Pole.

Don't reckon I'll ever have another of those :-)
73, Bob N6WG

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Re: Another dumb one- Sunspot cycle

Stuart Rohre
Bob,
You might have another world round table.  I did one in about 1991, New
Zealand, Australia, Alaska,
Chile, and Texas.  SSB, 100 watts, wire K5KVH varient of the G5RV.  (Flat
top was tee made up of 40 feet phase line plus the wire doublet).
73,
Stuart
K5KVH


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