Re: Elecraft Digest, Vol 191, Issue 30

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Re: Elecraft Digest, Vol 191, Issue 30

Fitch, Gordon
Dave, what is stated as the cause of death on the CD ?

Gordon
________________________________________
From: [hidden email] <[hidden email]> on behalf of [hidden email] <[hidden email]>
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 10:53 AM
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Elecraft Digest, Vol 191, Issue 30

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Today's Topics:

   1. Elecraft CW Net Report (kevinr)
   2. Re: The Big Three... (Barry)
   3. Re: K4 Update: Transmit Features -- Emphasis on SSB (Wes)
   4. Re: The Big Three... ([hidden email])
   5. Re: The Big Three... (Clay Autery)
   6. Re: The Big Three... (Clay Autery)
   7. Re: K4 Update: Transmit Features -- Emphasis on SSB (Clay Autery)
   8. Re: The Big Three... ([hidden email])
   9. Re: The Big Three... ([hidden email])
  10. Re: The Big Three... (Clay Autery)
  11. Re: The Big Three... (Jim Brown)
  12. Re: The Big Three... (Jim Brown)
  13. Re: Not moving your wrist sending CW ? (Steve Witt)
  14. Re: The Big Three... ([hidden email])
  15. K vs. KN (Bob DeHaney)
  16. Re: The Big Three... (Clay Autery)
  17. Re: Not moving your wrist sending CW ? (Clay Autery)
  18. Re: Not moving your wrist sending CW ? (Andy McMullin)
  19. Re: K vs. KN (Thorsten Fricke)
  20. Identifying KAT500 fault condition (Andy Durbin)
  21. Re: Identifying KAT500 fault condition (Lyn Norstad)
  22. The K3 and config files. (David Olean)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2020 20:11:01 -0700
From: kevinr <[hidden email]>
To: Elecraft Reflector <[hidden email]>
Subject: [Elecraft] Elecraft CW Net Report
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

Good Evening,

 ?? Both bands had QSB and a lot of noise.? But the signals were mostly
easy to copy.? QSB ate a few numbers though.? The best signal of the day
was from KL7CW on 20 meters.? Rick hit S9 more than once.? Many people
spoke of walking around their neighborhood.? I'm catching up on reading
the stacks of magazines which accumulate.? If only? they were printed on
newsprint they would work well for heating too.


 ? On 14050.5 kHz at 2200z:

W0CZ - Ken - ND

NO8V - John - MI

KL7CW - Rick - AK

K0JFJ - Nick - AZ

K4JPN - Steve - GA

W8OV - Dave - TX


 ? On 7047.5 kHz at 0000z:

W6JHB - Jim - CA

K9ZTV - Kent - MO

KL7CW - Rick - AK

K0DTJ - Brian - CA

K6PJV - Dale - CA

W8OV - Dave - TX

W0CZ - Ken - ND

KN6DR - Thomas - WA


 ?? Until next week stay active and be well,

 ???? 73,? Kevin.? KD5ONS

-



------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 03:41:24 +0000
From: Barry <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email], [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID: <em832b08bc-e0d4-4500-93d5-72c84d1de9cf@laptop3>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset=utf-8

Something that I think is being missed. Didn't Elecraft address all of
this in the K3s upgrade and design? I do contest using SSB, and haven't
seen a problem with my K3s.

73,
Barry
K3NDM


------ Original Message ------
From: "Igor Sokolov" <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Sent: 3/29/2020 5:41:55 PM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...

>
>29.03.2020 23:06, [hidden email] ?????:
>>
>>It won't be long before we can have some run running the same tests with the K4.
>>
>>
>>73
>>Frank
>>W3LPL
>
>Frank, please keep us posted regarding the outcome of this future testing.
>
>73, Igor UA9CDC
>
>______________________________________________________________
>Elecraft mailing list
>Home: https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmailman.qth.net%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Felecraft&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cgfitch%40ku.edu%7C2e96f047a1d243d4b9fd08d7d4c2de00%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637211805733055808&amp;sdata=Sh4F2jtb8o2Lh1QtoRoDLxIvN8vqPuJ4VsyHhp7uacA%3D&amp;reserved=0
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>Message delivered to [hidden email]



------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2020 20:45:16 -0700
From: Wes <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] K4 Update: Transmit Features -- Emphasis on
        SSB
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

That's worth $4K right there.? Why manufacturers provide only front panel
connectors for these functions is a mystery to me.

Wes? N7WS


On 3/29/2020 11:37 AM, Wayne Burdick wrote:
> ...
>
> There are mic and headphone jacks on both the front and rear panels. Some operators prefer to use the rear panel connections to avoid cluttering the operating position. Audio for both voice and data modes can be either analog (LINE in/out) or digital (via USB or Ethernet).
>



------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 01:02:53 -0400 (EDT)
From: [hidden email]
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Hi Jim,


You would have to seriously compete in an SSB contest with some of the
more modern radios in very crowded bands to fully appreciate how much
better the more modern technologies are for both transmit and receive signal
quality. The latest Flex radios are almost shockingly good, but all of the
top-shelf modern radios are significantly better performers than the
12 year old K3 or even the K3S.



We're discussing the most demanding situations affecting SSB transceiver
performance: weak -- often distorted -- SSB signals surrounded by
much stronger adjacent channel QRM. For much of the time on
20 and especially 40 meters the adjacent much stronger signals overlap
well into the receiver bandwidth. Typical spacing between SSB signals
is only 1.5 kHz, if you're lucky its 2.0 kHz and only rarely 2.5 kHz or more.
This situation is rather unimportant for the casual contester, but its a
game changer at the upper levels of serious SSB contest competition.


I have not made technical measurements of K3 SSB transmitter and
receiver performance nor do I have the capability to do so. I suspect the
more modern designs have improved the dynamic response of their entire
receiver and transmitter chain in ways that can't be captured by simple
static performance measurements such as frequency response, dynamic range
and IMD.


73
Frank
W3LPL




----- Original Message -----

From: "Jim Brown" <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 12:32:52 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...

Hi Frank,

SSB is my un-favorite mode, and I don't have exposure to other
contemporary rigs, so I'd be interested to get your perspective of what
features/performance of the K3 are weak as opposed to the other radios.

73, Jim K9YC

On 3/29/2020 10:09 AM, [hidden email] wrote:
> The K3 design is dated, all of the other top manufacturers have introduced
> much higher performing SSB radios in recent years.

______________________________________________________________
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Message delivered to [hidden email]



------------------------------

Message: 5
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 00:20:31 -0500
From: Clay Autery <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

What is this "better" SSB performance of which you speak.

I am primarily a voice guy....? And I am constantly complimented on the
quality of my transmissions.

How are defining "better" SSB performance?

73,

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/29/20 11:32, [hidden email] wrote:

> This is by far not an unbiased survey. Teams that travel on airplanes to
> get to WRTC will be strongly biased toward light weight radios such as
> the K3. Operators who do not travel by a irplane will be biased towards
> radios with much better SSB performance.
>
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
> ----- Original Message -----
>
> From: "K9FD" <[hidden email]>
> To: "Paul Gacek" <[hidden email]>
> Cc: [hidden email]
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 4:26:55 PM
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> I agree Paul, and my comment was to play the stats in jest.
>
> when the glass is half full you can see it from both sides,
>
> I did that to stir the Elecraft kool aide crew.
>
> Having contested many many years in my past life, I dont own
> 3 - K3 radios because they are losers, and nope I am not in the
> class of any one who qualifies for WRTC. not even close,
> and at 75 I am not progressing any longer, I am on the slipping
> side of downhill.
>
> 73 Merv K9FD
>


------------------------------

Message: 6
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 00:21:54 -0500
From: Clay Autery <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

Again, out of curiosity.? How do you define "better"?

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/29/20 11:56, [hidden email] wrote:

> Hi Tony
>
>
> Any of the top-of-the-line radios from Flex, Icom, Yaesu and Kenwood
> have significantly better SSB performance than the K3.
>
>
> Each of my six stations has two radios, usually a K3 and a "not K3,"
> usually a Yaesu FTdx5000. During CW contests our "run" operators
> usually favor the K3, during SSB contests our "run" operators NEVER
> favor the K3.
>
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [hidden email] <[hidden email]>
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 12:40 PM
> To: '[hidden email]' <[hidden email]>; '[hidden email]' <[hidden email]>
> Subject: RE: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> Hi Frank,
> I agree with what you said about CW rigs and lightweight rigs for traveling. The K3 on SSB sure has its faults. What say you on the top SSB rigs?
>
> Also, since no Dayton and the idea of a contest that weekend is a good idea. But maybe we should consider some kind of virtual hospitality suite so we can have a beer or two plus chat.
> N2TK, Tony
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [hidden email] <[hidden email]> On Behalf Of [hidden email]
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 12:33 PM
> To: [hidden email]
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> This is by far not an unbiased survey. Teams that travel on airplanes to get to WRTC will be strongly biased toward light weight radios such as the K3. Operators who do not travel by a irplane will be biased towards radios with much better SSB performance.
>
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
> ----- Original Message -----
>
> From: "K9FD" <[hidden email]>
> To: "Paul Gacek" <[hidden email]>
> Cc: [hidden email]
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 4:26:55 PM
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> I agree Paul, and my comment was to play the stats in jest.
>
> when the glass is half full you can see it from both sides,
>
> I did that to stir the Elecraft kool aide crew.
>
> Having contested many many years in my past life, I dont own
> 3 - K3 radios because they are losers, and nope I am not in the class of any one who qualifies for WRTC. not even close, and at 75 I am not progressing any longer, I am on the slipping side of downhill.
>
> 73 Merv K9FD
>> Merv
>>
>> Now we entering the arena of stats can tell you whatever you want them to tell you!
>>
>> In fairness only one of the top teams was a US team (I think) and 3 of the top 15 were US. Maybe radio choice for the Europeans is more to do with ICOM et al possibly having a more direct sales and support presence in EU versus Elecraft which is via local distributors and possibly requiring the gear to return to Cal for repair. Just a guess ....
>>
>> I think the WRTC leader role for the Boston/NE one had more US teams placing. I?m sure a story exists around home team advantage.
>>
>> I can only reiterate that anyone who participates in WRTC has to be pretty awesome and I wish I had 1% of their skills!!
>>
>> Stats are fun.
>>
>> Paul Gacek
>>
>>> On Mar 29, 2020, at 8:50 AM, K9FD <[hidden email]> wrote:
>>>
>>> SO lets see, we are saying that 50 percent used Elecraft, and out of
>>> the top 3 no one did, and most who used Elecraft were in the bottom.
>>> So was it the radio or the operator?
>>> If you look at it from one point of view, loosers used Elecraft..
>>>
>>> Merv K9FD, and I own 3 - k3 radios so not biased.
>>>
>>>
>>>> Wasn't my subject line. But I'll see your four and raise it to five: Elecraft, Flex, Icom, Kenwood and Yaesu.
>>>>
>>>> Wes N7WS
>>>>
>>>>> On 3/29/2020 6:55 AM, Michael Walker wrote:
>>>>> I find you mention the big 3, but it is really the big 4.
>>>>>
>>>>> Mike va3mw
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> On Sun, Mar 29, 2020 at 9:28 AM Wes <[hidden email] <mailto:[hidden email]>> wrote:
>>>>> FWIW. I took a cursory look at the top 10 to see what they were using.
>>>>>
>>>>> You have to get to 5th place to find a pair of K3s. Sixth and 7th
>>>>> places use one K3 and something else for the second radio.
>>>>>
>>>>> So four out of 20 radios were K3s.
>>>>>
>>>>> Also of interest 6 out of 10 used WinTest with 4 using N1MM+.
>>>>>
>>>>> Wes N7WS
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> On 3/29/2020 2:50 AM, Paul Gacek via Elecraft wrote:
>>>>>> If you follow the link you can see what radios the 50+ WRTC 2018
>>>>> participant teams used.
>>>>>> Lots of K3.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwrtc2018.de%2Fcompetition%2Ffinalscores.php&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cgfitch%40ku.edu%7C2e96f047a1d243d4b9fd08d7d4c2de00%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637211805733055808&amp;sdata=G0YYQZPFBn1kiyleZyjtM8H2z%2B8%2BWWK%2BRz0xVF%2Bgc0w%3D&amp;reserved=0
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Paul
>>>>>> W6PNG/M0SNA
>>>>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=www.nomadic.blog&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cgfitch%40ku.edu%7C2e96f047a1d243d4b9fd08d7d4c2de00%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637211805733055808&amp;sdata=xWtpQZGjUVpccYweYU1Cbq8X2J8mWItuXc4Jrs%2Brl2o%3D&amp;reserved=0
>>>>> ______________________________________________________________
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>>>> ______________________________________________________________
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------------------------------

Message: 7
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 00:34:08 -0500
From: Clay Autery <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] K4 Update: Transmit Features -- Emphasis on
        SSB
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

Yer killin' me Wayne....? I may have to come out of semi-retirement and
take on some extra clients so I can grab a K4....? I am absolutely
enthralled with the idea of operating on one.
The perfect merging of my two (non-XYL) loves now....? radio and all
things IT.? <smile>

May everyone connected to my Elecraft extended gamily be well; be safe;
and be Blessed beyond their capacity to contain it.

73 all,

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/29/20 13:37, Wayne Burdick wrote:

> As Eric alluded to, the entire Elecraft design team is safely working from home. We're busy adding new capabilities to the K4 and testing it in real-world conditions. (If it weren't for the lock-down, I and other early users would still be inviting operators over to try it. Previous demonstrations have led to amazement over the sound of the receive audio quality, among other reactions.)
>
> With its new, faster DSP, versatile architecture, large display, and essentially unlimited code space, the K4 can offer features that go far beyond what we've been able to offer before.
>
> Here's a sampling of what this will mean for SSB users:
>
> *** Optimal audio
>
> The K4's RX and TX passband in SSB modes can be configured to be flat from below 50 Hz to over 4 kHz, with none of the drawbacks of crystal filters (delay, ripple, passband edge effects). Easy to use graphic TX/RX EQ and other bandwidth controls allow the operator to tailor the response per-mode and for different microphones. The overall effect is full, rich audio in both transmit and receive -- the latter in full stereo.
>
> Wider transmit and receive bandwidths can also be configured for digital audio modes, ESSB, and AM, at the operator's discretion.
>
> *** Exceptional ALC performance
>
> The K4 uses a new ALC system designed to completely eliminate power overshoot and varying loop dynamics. This makes it both easier to adjust and more compatible with external amplifiers.
>
> *** Multi-parameter transmit metering
>
> In voice modes, the K4 provides clear bar graph displays of all four transmit parameters simultaneously: power output, SWR, ALC, and compression (processing level). Real-time numeric readouts of power, SWR, supply voltage/current, and PA temperature are also available.
>
> *** Foolproof split transmit indication
>
> You'll never lose track of whether you're in SPLIT mode with the K4: all four transmit bar graphs are grouped either on the left (non-split, i.e. VFO A = TX) or right (split, VFO B = TX). TX icons are also clear and unambiguous.
>
> The K4 also allows full cross-band/cross-mode operation in both split and non-split.
>
> *** Versatile audio I/O
>
> There are mic and headphone jacks on both the front and rear panels. Some operators prefer to use the rear panel connections to avoid cluttering the operating position. Audio for both voice and data modes can be either analog (LINE in/out) or digital (via USB or Ethernet).
>
> *** Large DVR memory
>
> The digital voice recorder draws on the K4's large pool of flash memory, allowing virtually unlimited expansion for both transmit and receive purposes. There are also new, easy to use playback controls.
>
> *** Redesigned PA stages
>
> All transmit stages have been upgraded, with improved biasing, parametric monitoring, and T/R sequencing. Hardware is also in place to support closed-loop amplifier IMD optimization, both internally and externally.
>
> *** Support for future operating modes
>
> With DSP and MCU horsepower to burn, we'll be able to add new voice and data modes in the future (and even new bands). The K4 is designed from the ground up for extensibility in both hardware and software.
>
> 73,
> Wayne
> N6KR


------------------------------

Message: 8
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 01:34:00 -0400 (EDT)
From: [hidden email]
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Hi Clay,


This thread is a discussion about the relative performance of top-of-the-line
modern transceivers in the most demanding situations faced by serious SSB
contest competitors. The vast majority of transceiver users have no concerns
about the performance of their transceiver under these conditions.




We're discussing the most demanding situations affecting transceiver
performance: weak -- often distorted -- SSB signals surrounded by
much stronger adjacent channel QRM. For much of the time on
20 and especially 40 meters the adjacent much stronger signals overlap
well into the receiver bandwidth. Typical spacing between SSB signals
is only 1.5 kHz, if you're lucky its 2.0 kHz and only rarely 2.5 kHz or more.
This situation is rather unimportant for the casual contester, but its a
game changer at the upper levels of serious SSB contest competition.


For transmitted SSB signals we're concerned about situations where our
transmitted signal is relatively weak and surrounded by much stronger
adjacent channel QRM. The adjacent signals usually overlap well into the
transmitted signal bandwidth and the other operator's receiver has
much lower performance that our top-of-the-line radio.


73
Frank
W3LPL



----- Original Message -----

From: "Clay Autery" <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 5:20:31 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...

What is this "better" SSB performance of which you speak.

I am primarily a voice guy.... And I am constantly complimented on the
quality of my transmissions.

How are defining "better" SSB performance?

73,

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/29/20 11:32, [hidden email] wrote:

> This is by far not an unbiased survey. Teams that travel on airplanes to
> get to WRTC will be strongly biased toward light weight radios such as
> the K3. Operators who do not travel by a irplane will be biased towards
> radios with much better SSB performance.
>
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
> ----- Original Message -----
>
> From: "K9FD" <[hidden email]>
> To: "Paul Gacek" <[hidden email]>
> Cc: [hidden email]
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 4:26:55 PM
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> I agree Paul, and my comment was to play the stats in jest.
>
> when the glass is half full you can see it from both sides,
>
> I did that to stir the Elecraft kool aide crew.
>
> Having contested many many years in my past life, I dont own
> 3 - K3 radios because they are losers, and nope I am not in the
> class of any one who qualifies for WRTC. not even close,
> and at 75 I am not progressing any longer, I am on the slipping
> side of downhill.
>
> 73 Merv K9FD
>
______________________________________________________________
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Message delivered to [hidden email]


------------------------------

Message: 9
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 01:41:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: [hidden email]
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Clay,


If you're not a serious SSB contest competitor this thread has no
relevance to your experience or needs. Try SSB contesting at the
highest levels of competitiveness and you'll soon become aware of
the important performance differences among modern transceivers.


73
Frank
W3LPL


----- Original Message -----

From: "Clay Autery" <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 5:21:54 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...

Again, out of curiosity. How do you define "better"?

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/29/20 11:56, [hidden email] wrote:

> Hi Tony
>
>
> Any of the top-of-the-line radios from Flex, Icom, Yaesu and Kenwood
> have significantly better SSB performance than the K3.
>
>
> Each of my six stations has two radios, usually a K3 and a "not K3,"
> usually a Yaesu FTdx5000. During CW contests our "run" operators
> usually favor the K3, during SSB contests our "run" operators NEVER
> favor the K3.
>
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [hidden email] <[hidden email]>
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 12:40 PM
> To: '[hidden email]' <[hidden email]>; '[hidden email]' <[hidden email]>
> Subject: RE: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> Hi Frank,
> I agree with what you said about CW rigs and lightweight rigs for traveling. The K3 on SSB sure has its faults. What say you on the top SSB rigs?
>
> Also, since no Dayton and the idea of a contest that weekend is a good idea. But maybe we should consider some kind of virtual hospitality suite so we can have a beer or two plus chat.
> N2TK, Tony
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [hidden email] <[hidden email]> On Behalf Of [hidden email]
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 12:33 PM
> To: [hidden email]
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> This is by far not an unbiased survey. Teams that travel on airplanes to get to WRTC will be strongly biased toward light weight radios such as the K3. Operators who do not travel by a irplane will be biased towards radios with much better SSB performance.
>
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
> ----- Original Message -----
>
> From: "K9FD" <[hidden email]>
> To: "Paul Gacek" <[hidden email]>
> Cc: [hidden email]
> Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 4:26:55 PM
> Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> I agree Paul, and my comment was to play the stats in jest.
>
> when the glass is half full you can see it from both sides,
>
> I did that to stir the Elecraft kool aide crew.
>
> Having contested many many years in my past life, I dont own
> 3 - K3 radios because they are losers, and nope I am not in the class of any one who qualifies for WRTC. not even close, and at 75 I am not progressing any longer, I am on the slipping side of downhill.
>
> 73 Merv K9FD
>> Merv
>>
>> Now we entering the arena of stats can tell you whatever you want them to tell you!
>>
>> In fairness only one of the top teams was a US team (I think) and 3 of the top 15 were US. Maybe radio choice for the Europeans is more to do with ICOM et al possibly having a more direct sales and support presence in EU versus Elecraft which is via local distributors and possibly requiring the gear to return to Cal for repair. Just a guess ....
>>
>> I think the WRTC leader role for the Boston/NE one had more US teams placing. I?m sure a story exists around home team advantage.
>>
>> I can only reiterate that anyone who participates in WRTC has to be pretty awesome and I wish I had 1% of their skills!!
>>
>> Stats are fun.
>>
>> Paul Gacek
>>
>>> On Mar 29, 2020, at 8:50 AM, K9FD <[hidden email]> wrote:
>>>
>>> SO lets see, we are saying that 50 percent used Elecraft, and out of
>>> the top 3 no one did, and most who used Elecraft were in the bottom.
>>> So was it the radio or the operator?
>>> If you look at it from one point of view, loosers used Elecraft..
>>>
>>> Merv K9FD, and I own 3 - k3 radios so not biased.
>>>
>>>
>>>> Wasn't my subject line. But I'll see your four and raise it to five: Elecraft, Flex, Icom, Kenwood and Yaesu.
>>>>
>>>> Wes N7WS
>>>>
>>>>> On 3/29/2020 6:55 AM, Michael Walker wrote:
>>>>> I find you mention the big 3, but it is really the big 4.
>>>>>
>>>>> Mike va3mw
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> On Sun, Mar 29, 2020 at 9:28 AM Wes <[hidden email] <mailto:[hidden email]>> wrote:
>>>>> FWIW. I took a cursory look at the top 10 to see what they were using.
>>>>>
>>>>> You have to get to 5th place to find a pair of K3s. Sixth and 7th
>>>>> places use one K3 and something else for the second radio.
>>>>>
>>>>> So four out of 20 radios were K3s.
>>>>>
>>>>> Also of interest 6 out of 10 used WinTest with 4 using N1MM+.
>>>>>
>>>>> Wes N7WS
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> On 3/29/2020 2:50 AM, Paul Gacek via Elecraft wrote:
>>>>>> If you follow the link you can see what radios the 50+ WRTC 2018
>>>>> participant teams used.
>>>>>> Lots of K3.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwrtc2018.de%2Fcompetition%2Ffinalscores.php&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cgfitch%40ku.edu%7C2e96f047a1d243d4b9fd08d7d4c2de00%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637211805733075800&amp;sdata=ackjYcO9qZ5q0LtUHGmqUhc7Zwgblmuh%2B5VGlSxnHP8%3D&amp;reserved=0
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Paul
>>>>>> W6PNG/M0SNA
>>>>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=www.nomadic.blog&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cgfitch%40ku.edu%7C2e96f047a1d243d4b9fd08d7d4c2de00%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637211805733075800&amp;sdata=iLb4OlchW%2FkoSoGs1JUFPr2guZiaM6jiZXgaATB5eBo%3D&amp;reserved=0
>>>>> ______________________________________________________________
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Message delivered to [hidden email]


------------------------------

Message: 10
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 00:43:40 -0500
From: Clay Autery <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

Bottom Line:? As in many things....? "It's the Indian, not the arrow."?
Though, I still prefer to have the best bow and arrow that I can
possibly afford.

And as for me, "mission accomplished". <smile>? (100% self-funded) <wink>

73,

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/29/20 15:35, Jack Brindle via Elecraft wrote:

> There is a catch in this, of course. Several of the top contesters are sponsored by some of the radio companies. The winner in the 2014 WRTC was sponsored by Icom as were many others.
> The same was true in 2018. Of course, they get the best radios, delivered at the competition. Thus the radio choice tends to be biased by the fact that the contesters may not be paying for their radios, or having to hand-carry them to the competition.
>
> As for the winners, we have seen many times that the contesters who are most familiar with propagation in the area where the competition is held will win. This was true in Massachusetts, Germany, and will undoubtedly be true in Italy. The top guys travel to the areas to get a feel for propagation, but having experience there for a long time makes a huge difference.
> In WRTC, it isn?t so much the radio, but rather the experience in the zone that matter the most. Radios, logging software, antennas, etc are pretty much even. The ops themselves make the big difference.
>
>
> 73!
> Jack, W6FB
>


------------------------------

Message: 11
Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2020 22:45:21 -0700
From: Jim Brown <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

On 3/29/2020 10:02 PM, [hidden email] wrote:
> You would have to seriously compete in an SSB contest with some of the
> more modern radios in very crowded bands to fully appreciate how much
> better the more modern technologies are for both transmit and receive signal
> quality. The latest Flex radios are almost shockingly good, but all of the
> top-shelf modern radios are significantly better performers than the
> 12 year old K3 or even the K3S.

Thanks Frank. Soon after he got his Flex 6700, his two key impressions
were 1) it was the best radio he'd ever owned; and 2) the designers of
the radio and it's software/firmware didn't have a clue about USING
radios on the air. #2 was so bad that they didn't even understand the
problems. Thankfully, guys like N6WM, K9CT, and I'm sure others, stepped
in to educate them. :)

I'm not a digital guy, but having worked in pro audio most of my
professional life, some concepts have rubbed off. If I were to speculate
on the shortcomings of the K3/K3S you've noted, it would be that the
system wasn't designed with enough bits and bandwidth. But that all
depends on the parts you can buy for a product that must sell for a
price that customers can pay, and, as you've noted, those design
decisions were likely made in 2006. And from where I sit, I've always
viewed Wayne and Eric as marketing geniuses (in the best sense of that).

73, Jim K9YC


------------------------------

Message: 12
Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2020 23:03:21 -0700
From: Jim Brown <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

On 3/29/2020 10:45 PM, Jim Brown wrote:
> Thanks Frank. Soon after he got his Flex 6700, his two key impressions were

I failed to identify the speaker -- it was K6TD, a fine engineer,
serious contester, and veteran of multiple DX trips.

73, Jim K9YC


------------------------------

Message: 13
Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2020 23:13:21 -0700
From: Steve Witt <[hidden email]>
To: "[hidden email]" <[hidden email]>
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Not moving your wrist sending CW ?
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On 03/29, Andy Durbin wrote:
> "the prosign for "Please repeat,"or "I will repeat."
>
> I was taught over 55 years ago that "repeat" was an artillery fire
> control instruction that had no place in any communication except
> for artillery fire control.  Surprising to me that IMI would be
> defined that way.
>
> In UK Signals, the phone phrases were "say again", "I say again",
> and "say again words twice".

Also true in U.S. Army radiotelephone procedure, at least how we
operated in the Signal Corps in the '70s and '80s when I was in. Never
heard or was taught 'words twice'. One would realize (with experience)
when key parts of the transmission should be said twice due to noise
or other difficulty with the channel, usually because of being asked
to 'say again' a few times.

Asking for a retransmission:
  'say again your last transmission'
  'say again all after'
  'say again all before'

The response would be:
  'I say again ...'

There is also 'I spell', when the word(s) weren't being received
correctly.

This was published in 'Allied Communications Pub 125: Communications
Instructions -- Radiotelephone Procedures' (ACP 125), so these
procedures should be somewhat standardized across NATO forces.


73,
Steve K6ZX





------------------------------

Message: 14
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 02:22:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: [hidden email]
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Hi Jim,


You're probably correct about design compromises made with technologies
available and affordable 14 years ago. Its probably not a coincidence
that all of the top-shelf modern radios have a leg up on the K3 in
the most severe competitive contest environments


Think about what less than 14 years of improvement brought to the market
in the post-World War II environment and the vast performance differential
between the offerings from Collins and every one of their competitors:
- 75A-1 1947
- 75A-4 1956
- KWM-1 1957
- S-Line 1958


Its amazing that the amateur radio HF transceiver market continues to drive
significant performance improvements after all these years, just as it did
from the earliest days of HF radio.


73
Frank
W3LPL

----- Original Message -----

From: "Jim Brown" <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 5:45:21 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...

On 3/29/2020 10:02 PM, [hidden email] wrote:
> You would have to seriously compete in an SSB contest with some of the
> more modern radios in very crowded bands to fully appreciate how much
> better the more modern technologies are for both transmit and receive signal
> quality. The latest Flex radios are almost shockingly good, but all of the
> top-shelf modern radios are significantly better performers than the
> 12 year old K3 or even the K3S.

Thanks Frank. Soon after he got his Flex 6700, his two key impressions
were 1) it was the best radio he'd ever owned; and 2) the designers of
the radio and it's software/firmware didn't have a clue about USING
radios on the air. #2 was so bad that they didn't even understand the
problems. Thankfully, guys like N6WM, K9CT, and I'm sure others, stepped
in to educate them. :)

I'm not a digital guy, but having worked in pro audio most of my
professional life, some concepts have rubbed off. If I were to speculate
on the shortcomings of the K3/K3S you've noted, it would be that the
system wasn't designed with enough bits and bandwidth. But that all
depends on the parts you can buy for a product that must sell for a
price that customers can pay, and, as you've noted, those design
decisions were likely made in 2006. And from where I sit, I've always
viewed Wayne and Eric as marketing geniuses (in the best sense of that).

73, Jim K9YC
______________________________________________________________
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Message delivered to [hidden email]



------------------------------

Message: 15
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 09:29:44 +0200
From: "Bob DeHaney" <[hidden email]>
To: <[hidden email]>
Subject: [Elecraft] K vs. KN
Message-ID: <001501d60664$fc562a90$f5027fb0$@gmx.net>
Content-Type: text/plain;       charset="utf-8"

Perhaps some German slipped in?  Komm = K = Come, Komm Nur = KN = Come Only.



Vy 73 from a Social Distancing 80 yr old.  I?m finishing all those little Ham Projects that were lying dormant on the bench.



Stay Healthy de Bob DJ0RD/WU5T







------------------------------

Message: 16
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 03:05:03 -0500
From: Clay Autery <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email], [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

Thanks for the response...? As I am not a "contesting expert", I have no
opinion on the topic that I wish to put forward publicly.
I am actually "afraid" to get too enamored with contesting as my DNA has
a tendency to drive me to extremes in anything I develop a passion for....

.... which is pretty much everything I put my hand to.? And I'm pretty
fond of talking to and sleeping with my XYL...? <big grin>


73,

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/30/20 00:34, [hidden email] wrote:

> Hi Clay,
>
> This thread is a discussion about the relative performance of
> top-of-the-line
> modern transceivers in the most demanding situations faced by serious SSB
> contest competitors.? The vast majority of transceiver users have no
> concerns
> about the performance of their transceiver under these conditions.
>
> We're discussing the most demanding situations affecting transceiver
> performance: weak -- often distorted -- SSB signals surrounded by
> much stronger adjacent channel QRM.? For much of the time on
> 20 and especially 40 meters the adjacent much stronger signals overlap
> well into the receiver bandwidth.? ?Typical spacing between SSB signals
> is only 1.5 kHz, if you're lucky its 2.0 kHz and only rarely 2.5 kHz
> or more.
> This situation is rather unimportant for the casual contester, but its a
> game changer at the upper levels of serious SSB contest competition.
>
> For transmitted SSB signals we're concerned about situations where our
> transmitted signal is relatively weak and surrounded by much stronger
> adjacent channel QRM. The adjacent signals usually overlap well into the
> transmitted signal bandwidth and the other operator's receiver has
> much lower performance that our top-of-the-line radio.
>
> 73
> Frank
> W3LPL
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> *From: *"Clay Autery" <[hidden email]>
> *To: *[hidden email]
> *Sent: *Monday, March 30, 2020 5:20:31 AM
> *Subject: *Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
>
> What is this "better" SSB performance of which you speak.
>
> I am primarily a voice guy....? And I am constantly complimented on the
> quality of my transmissions.
>
> How are defining "better" SSB performance?
>
> 73,
>
> ______________________
> Clay Autery, KY5G
> (318) 518-1389
>
> On 03/29/20 11:32, [hidden email] wrote:
> > This is by far not an unbiased survey. Teams that travel on airplanes to
> > get to WRTC will be strongly biased toward light weight radios such as
> > the K3. Operators who do not travel by a irplane will be biased towards
> > radios with much better SSB performance.
> >
> >
> > 73
> > Frank
> > W3LPL
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >
> > From: "K9FD" <[hidden email]>
> > To: "Paul Gacek" <[hidden email]>
> > Cc: [hidden email]
> > Sent: Sunday, March 29, 2020 4:26:55 PM
> > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] The Big Three...
> >
> > I agree Paul, and my comment was to play the stats in jest.
> >
> > when the glass is half full you can see it from both sides,
> >
> > I did that to stir the Elecraft kool aide crew.
> >
> > Having contested many many years in my past life, I dont own
> > 3 - K3 radios because they are losers, and nope I am not in the
> > class of any one who qualifies for WRTC. not even close,
> > and at 75 I am not progressing any longer, I am on the slipping
> > side of downhill.
> >
> > 73 Merv K9FD
> >
> ______________________________________________________________
> Elecraft mailing list
> Home: https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmailman.qth.net%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Felecraft&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cgfitch%40ku.edu%7C2e96f047a1d243d4b9fd08d7d4c2de00%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637211805733095787&amp;sdata=PtqT5F%2F6X1AHss4nY0TplWBrBfcE5ew5Y6krNwJfdno%3D&amp;reserved=0
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> Message delivered to [hidden email]
>


------------------------------

Message: 17
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 03:11:16 -0500
From: Clay Autery <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Not moving your wrist sending CW ?
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

I am an old Infantryman and Aviator.? And I have been out a long time,
but I STILL use many of the "pro-words"...

Especially, I spell, phonetic alphabet, at al....
I use "say again <optional>" in conversation without thinking....? Hey,
it works.

73,

______________________
Clay Autery, KY5G
(318) 518-1389

On 03/30/20 01:13, Steve Witt wrote:

>
> Also true in U.S. Army radiotelephone procedure, at least how we
> operated in the Signal Corps in the '70s and '80s when I was in. Never
> heard or was taught 'words twice'. One would realize (with experience)
> when key parts of the transmission should be said twice due to noise
> or other difficulty with the channel, usually because of being asked
> to 'say again' a few times.
>
> Asking for a retransmission:
>    'say again your last transmission'
>    'say again all after'
>    'say again all before'
>
> The response would be:
>    'I say again ...'
>
> There is also 'I spell', when the word(s) weren't being received
> correctly.
>
> This was published in 'Allied Communications Pub 125: Communications
> Instructions -- Radiotelephone Procedures' (ACP 125), so these
> procedures should be somewhat standardized across NATO forces.
>
>
> 73,
> Steve K6ZX


------------------------------

Message: 18
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 09:19:53 +0100
From: Andy McMullin <[hidden email]>
To: Steve Witt <[hidden email]>
Cc: "[hidden email]" <[hidden email]>
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Not moving your wrist sending CW ?
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Yup. Exactly the same in the maritime world. All ships should be using the same prowords all around the world - it makes it easier to deal with maydays and cross-language communication, non-native speakers learn the prowords with translation to their own language. It goes alongside standard message formats to know what to expect next when you?re writing things down. For example the word ?position? is followed by a lat and long.

As I was told by our examiner for my civilian maritime licence: ?repeating is what happens after you eat too many pickled onions, on the radio we say again?

Regards
Andy, G8TQH

> On 30 Mar 2020, at 07:14, Steve Witt <[hidden email]> wrote:
>
> ?On 03/29, Andy Durbin wrote:
>> "the prosign for "Please repeat,"or "I will repeat."
>>
>> I was taught over 55 years ago that "repeat" was an artillery fire
>> control instruction that had no place in any communication except
>> for artillery fire control.  Surprising to me that IMI would be
>> defined that way.
>>
>> In UK Signals, the phone phrases were "say again", "I say again",
>> and "say again words twice".
>
> Also true in U.S. Army radiotelephone procedure, at least how we
> operated in the Signal Corps in the '70s and '80s when I was in. Never
> heard or was taught 'words twice'. One would realize (with experience)
> when key parts of the transmission should be said twice due to noise
> or other difficulty with the channel, usually because of being asked
> to 'say again' a few times.
>
> Asking for a retransmission:
>  'say again your last transmission'
>  'say again all after'
>  'say again all before'
>
> The response would be:
>  'I say again ...'
>
> There is also 'I spell', when the word(s) weren't being received
> correctly.
>
> This was published in 'Allied Communications Pub 125: Communications
> Instructions -- Radiotelephone Procedures' (ACP 125), so these
> procedures should be somewhat standardized across NATO forces.
>
>
> 73,
> Steve K6ZX
>
>
>
> ______________________________________________________________
> Elecraft mailing list
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>
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> Message delivered to [hidden email]




------------------------------

Message: 19
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 14:52:05 +0200
From: Thorsten Fricke <[hidden email]>
To: [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] K vs. KN
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

Am 30.03.20 um 09:29 schrieb Bob DeHaney:
 > Perhaps some German slipped in?  Komm = K = Come, Komm Nur = KN =
Come Only.
 >

That is (almost) correct
- K = Kommen => come
- KN = Kommen nur => Come only (one single station)

 >
 > Vy 73 from a Social Distancing 80 yr old.  I???m finishing all those
little Ham Projects that were lying dormant on the bench.
 >

Unfortunately I can (have) to do home office, so not really time, to
train to copy all the cw letters. Maybe I do have to be on the air to
train this...

 >
 > Stay Healthy de Bob DJ0RD/WU5T
 >
Same to you and good luck with finishing all the dormant projects

Vy 73 de Thorsten, DH4FT


------------------------------

Message: 20
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 14:21:20 +0000
From: Andy Durbin <[hidden email]>
To: "[hidden email]" <[hidden email]>
Subject: [Elecraft] Identifying KAT500 fault condition
Message-ID:
        <[hidden email]>

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"

When the KAT500 trips a fault the fault light is lit but, unlike KPA500, there is no front panel indication of which fault is active.  One would expect the KAT500 Utility to display information on the active fault but it does not.  E.g. -

KAT500 Utility (for Windows) ver 1.19.8.5 displays "No Fault" when FLT1 - No Match is active.

The currently active KAT500 fault can be identified by using the utility command tester.  Select the Command Tester tab.  Press "Clear".  Enter FLT;  in the command entry box.   The display box will then show FLT; and FLTx; where x is the current fault code.  Fault codes are documented in KAT500 Serial Command Reference.

73,
Andy, k3wyc




------------------------------

Message: 21
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 10:28:09 -0500
From: "Lyn Norstad" <[hidden email]>
To: "'Andy Durbin'" <[hidden email]>, <[hidden email]>
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Identifying KAT500 fault condition
Message-ID: <048a01d606a7$d16ff9d0$744fed70$@LNAINC.com>
Content-Type: text/plain;       charset="us-ascii"

Good to know, but would be nice if the KAT would display the fault as
expected.

Thanks Andy.

73
Lyn, W0LEN


-----Original Message-----
From: [hidden email]
[mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Andy Durbin
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 9:21 AM
To: [hidden email]
Subject: [Elecraft] Identifying KAT500 fault condition

When the KAT500 trips a fault the fault light is lit but, unlike KPA500,
there is no front panel indication of which fault is active.  One would
expect the KAT500 Utility to display information on the active fault but it
does not.  E.g. -

KAT500 Utility (for Windows) ver 1.19.8.5 displays "No Fault" when FLT1 - No
Match is active.

The currently active KAT500 fault can be identified by using the utility
command tester.  Select the Command Tester tab.  Press "Clear".  Enter FLT;
in the command entry box.   The display box will then show FLT; and FLTx;
where x is the current fault code.  Fault codes are documented in KAT500
Serial Command Reference.

73,
Andy, k3wyc


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------------------------------

Message: 22
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2020 15:53:19 +0000
From: David Olean <[hidden email]>
To: Elecraft Reflector <[hidden email]>
Subject: [Elecraft] The K3 and config files.
Message-ID: <[hidden email]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed

I just repaired an early K3 belonging to my brother.? When I got
finished, I noted that his passband centering control (left knob) was
inoperative on CW. My immediate thought was that maybe the encoder was
NG, but it worked fine for SSB. Someone else had a similar problem
recently and he re initialized his radio. I asked my bro how long this
problem had gone on and he said "Maybe a year or two?"? I checked the K3
UTIL files on my computer and I found an old file for his K3 dated 2016
so I downloaded it and the problem went away and I did not have to go
and re enter everything. It was a quick fix and rather painless.? My
brother said that he had not altered much from the factory settings
anyway, but it was nice not having to check filter offsets etc. So all
this work got me to dig out my Cady K3 book and read it as nightime
reading before I fall asleep.? There are so many interesting things that
you can do to your K3, that it makes my head swim in total confusion!? I
am sure the K4 will be mind boggling! My 1939 Bendix RA-10 aircraft
receiver has? Volume, Tuning, BFO, and Band change knobs. I seem to
handle that OK.

This past weekend, I used one of my own K3s in the WPX contest on 75
meter phone and made a few 100 watt QSOs during the daytime. ( I have
made only a handful of 80/75M contacts)? I noticed that there was a
terrible noise occupying about 15 kHz of the band, but it showed up on
the P3 as occupying the entire 200 kHz passband. I checked PLL voltages
using the DISP button and saw that the old style synthesizer was falling
out of lock. I had to perform a synthesizer CAL. Then all was well
again.? I was reminded that I had not upgraded the synthesizers in this
radio!

73

Dave K1WHS



------------------------------

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End of Elecraft Digest, Vol 191, Issue 30
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