Dropping the Code Test

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Re: Dropping the Code Test

N2EY
In a message dated 9/3/05 1:29:28 AM Eastern Daylight Time,
[hidden email] writes:


> So doesn't that make those portions of a band where other modes are not
> allowed "CW Only"?
>

There are only two such subbands in the USA: 50.0 to 50.1 and 144.0 to 144.1
MHz.

What some folks call "the CW subbands" on HF are all shared with data modes
like PSK31.

73 de Jim, N2EY
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Re: Dropping the Code Test

N2EY
In reply to this post by Stephen W. Kercel
In a message dated 9/3/05 1:19:06 AM Eastern Daylight Time,
[hidden email] writes:


> The Extra written exam is significantly harder today than  
> it was 30 years ago.

That all depends on what you mean by "harder".

With all due respect, the youngest Extra on record was 8 years old
and in the third grade when that license was granted. And that was the
old 5 written test 20 wpm code test Extra of 1996 or so.

 There is a lot more detailed EE theory in it now  
>
> than there was back then. I took the test twice - in 1974, when I  
> didn't have the EE knowledge (but _was_ a student in EE), and last  
> October (well after earning my degrees). This one was far harder than  
> the first try, even if I did miss only two questions. The degrees, 25  
> years of EE/CS experience and a lot of advanced experimentation in  
> digital communication modes (both in ham radio and professionally)  
> really helped.

The current Extra exam contains very little EE level material. What it does
contain is a wide spread of subjects covered in very little depth.

For example, the most complex Ohms-Law-for-DC problem I've seen on the Extra
is a simple Thevenin equivalent. The 1970 Extra had lots more complex problems
on the same subject.

A lot of the exam is rules/regs, too.

Plus the current 50 question Extra contains everything needed to go from
General to Extra. Between 1967 and 2000, the step from General to Extra took two
written
exams totaling 90 questions. A valid comparison would look at the combined
Advanced/Extra of the past vs. the current Extra.


The only way I could see non-technical folks passing  
>
> the exam is to memorize all the questions/answers.

Not at all. Consider the test *method* as well as the subject material. Were
all your EE tests multiple choice from a published pool of Q&A? Could you
take the tests when you felt ready, and get a second or third try on the same day
if needed?
Would a grade of 75 be the same as a grade of 100 for all practical purposes?


>
> I believe that it is important to keep the Extra test hard - with  
> advanced technology questions.

Why? And who decides what is "hard"?

>But is CW important for the exam?  

Yes. Because hams use Morse Code extensively.
>
> Probably about as much as knowing which PN codes are the best for  
> Spread Spectrum, and why. Or maybe why FEC is used in data  
> transmissions and how to design a good scheme. Perhaps things like  
> that should be on the exam...

How many hams use SS compared to how many use Morse Code?
How many hams design data modes for use by hams, compared to how
many use Morse Code?

Should the license exams be aboout what hams actually do? Or should they
be about what some people consider "advanced technology" regardless of
whether such technology is used in amateur radio?

Why not questions on HDTV?

One of the biggest arguments aimed against the Morse Code test is: "why
should someone have to learn Morse Code if they don't intend to use it?" That
argument has apparently gained favor with FCC despite the fact that Morse Code is
the second most popular mode on the amateur HF/MF bands, and is only tested for
licenses that grant access to those bands.

How are you going to argue against someone who says "why should someone have
to learn those advanced technologies if they don't intend to use them and they
are not very popular in amateur radio?"

>
> The use of CW is an important and very enjoyable part of ham radio,  
> just as much as any other mode. At this point it is important for us  
> to once again fill the bands with CW, voice and data transmissions or  
> we will start to lose them (as is being attempted by the BPL folks).  
> If it takes deleting the CW requirement to accomplish that, then go  
> for it!

But will dropping Element 1 cause the bands to be "full"? Is the Morse Code
exam so difficult that it stops large numbers of would-be hams?

Look at the growth in US amateur radio from 1977 to 1991, and again from 1991
to 2005. Which period had greater growth, both in numbers and percentage? Yet
before 1991, *all* US hams had to pass at least 5 wpm Morse Code. Before
1990,
there were no code waivers, either.

Or are there other things going on, like changes in people's lives,
difficulties setting up a station, competing activities, and even stuff like the
sunspot cycle?

Just two examples:

- How much time did most people spend on their cell phones and home computers
10 years ago? 15 years ago? 20 years ago? today?

- How many hams live in "traditional Ward and June Cleaver" families where
one spouse works a 9-5 job and the other does most of the care of home and
children?

---

There's an Elecraft connection to all this:

Look at the success Elecraft has had with their products. Yet most of them
are
Morse Code only! A full-up K2/100 *kit* costs more than many manufactured
transceivers, and lacks some of the "standard features" like general coverage.
Yet with almost no advertising (compared to Ikensu), thousands have been sold
and put on the air.

Could it be that the sort of folks who really want to be hams are looking for
a
challenge, and not the easiest path?

73 de Jim, N2EY
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Re: Dropping the Code Test

Bill Coleman-2
In reply to this post by EricJ-2

On Sep 3, 2005, at 1:20 AM, EricJ wrote:

>
> So doesn't that make those portions of a band where other modes are  
> not
> allowed "CW Only"?

The only portions of the amateur radio spectrum that are CW only are  
50.0-50.1 MHz and 144.0-144.1 MHz.

On HF, CW is permitted everywhere. Digital communications are only  
permitted in the lower half (typically) of the band, and Analog  
communication modes are only permitted in the upper half (typically)  
of the band.

(At least, that is the case until the regulations change to  
restriction by bandwidth)

Bill Coleman, AA4LR, PP-ASEL        Mail: [hidden email]
Quote: "Not within a thousand years will man ever fly!"
             -- Wilbur Wright, 1901

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Re: Dropping the Code Test

Bill Coleman-2
In reply to this post by N2EY

On Sep 3, 2005, at 10:03 AM, [hidden email] wrote:

> Plus the current 50 question Extra contains everything needed to go  
> from
> General to Extra. Between 1967 and 2000, the step from General to  
> Extra took two
> written
> exams totaling 90 questions. A valid comparison would look at the  
> combined
> Advanced/Extra of the past vs. the current Extra.

As I remember the 1980-era Extra exam was a lot easier than the  
Advanced. Of course, you also had to deal with the 20 wpm code test,  
too. But, one certainly didn't need to be an EE to pass the Extra  
exam at that time.

Bill Coleman, AA4LR, PP-ASEL        Mail: [hidden email]
Quote: "Not within a thousand years will man ever fly!"
             -- Wilbur Wright, 1901

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Re: Dropping the Code Test

W2AGN
Bill Coleman wrote:

>
>
> As I remember the 1980-era Extra exam was a lot easier than the  
> Advanced. Of course, you also had to deal with the 20 wpm code test,  
> too. But, one certainly didn't need to be an EE to pass the Extra  exam
> at that time.
>
> Bill Coleman, AA4LR, PP-ASEL        Mail: [hidden email]
> Quote: "Not within a thousand years will man ever fly!"
>             -- Wilbur Wright, 1901

Well, I took both the Amateur Extra and the First Class Commercial
Radiotelephone back in 1974. At that time at least, they were
comparable. Of course, by the 80's, the "dumbing-down"
mat have started.

--
    _     _     _     _     _
   / \   / \   / \   / \   / \   John L. Sielke
  ( W ) ( 2 ) ( A ) ( G ) ( N )  http://w2agn.net
   \_/   \_/   \_/   \_/   \_/


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Re: Dropping the Code Test

N0tk
In reply to this post by Stephen W. Kercel
When I took the Extra exam in 1968, it was several years after taking the  
General exam and there was no Advanced class. I had to study for it quite a lot.
 Those who got their Extra license earlier would tell me that the exam was
much  easier when I took it than when they did as they needed to draw schematics
of  circuitry to pass and I didn't. That did not take the edge off my feeling
of  accomplishment. I assume that the more recent Extra class hams share in
that  feeling of accomplishment.
73
Dan NØTK
Highlands Ranch,CO
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Re: Dropping the Code Test

Matt Osborn
In reply to this post by N2EY
On Sat, 3 Sep 2005 10:03:28 EDT, [hidden email] wrote:

>
>But will dropping Element 1 cause the bands to be "full"? Is the Morse Code
>exam so difficult that it stops large numbers of would-be hams?

The ability to read Morse Code is a talent which people possess to a
greater or lessor degree.  Like reading and math, geometry vs algebra,
some find Morse relatively simple while others find it very difficult.

I'm a 59 year old software engineer who decided last May to try
Amateur Radio.  I spent two weeks earning the technician license, not
tough at all.   I bought a K2 with all QRP options, assembled the
kits, learned a lot about electronics, radios  and operating.  I'm
currently studying for the Extra license.

I've spent 30-45 minutes every day since May listening to Morse Code
and I still can't get pass 'g'.  I've tried all known methods, Chuck
Adams CD, the Koch method (G4FON), flash cards, sending first, etc.
There is a disconnect somewhere between the Morse Code and
intelligibility.

I've tried to identify why Morse is so difficult to learn.  There is
the problem of translation of dits and dahs to letters. I've avoided
that problem by learning at 13 WPM character speed.

To me, each character presents itself as a sequence of one or more
sounds.  Combined into individual characters, these 'tunes' are
straight forward and easy to identify. When placed in context with
other characters, however, the sequence of sounds that make up
individual characters merge with sounds of the leading and trailing
characters such that they lose their correct associations.  In short,
they don't make any sense.

How many give up the hobby because Morse Code is so difficult for them
to learn is impossible to know.  They didn't become hams first and
then quit, so there really is no record. We could look at the numbers
of technicians who have stayed Technicians over the years.  Is it
Morse Code that keeps so many Technicians from becoming Generals?  I
don't know, but I do know that the test for General is a piece of
cake, not more than a week or two of study.

The final aspect is the number of Technicians.  Does the number of
Technicians accurately reflect the number of people who wish to become
Hams but can't (or won't) learn Morse Code?  Again, not having studied
the numbers, I simply don't know.

It is reasonable to assume that Technicians who lack the wherewithal
to seriously pursue line of sight communications soon lose interest in
the service.  That is, there might very well be a high turnover rate
among Technicians.  Many come in, some stay and some drop out.

Then of course, there are those who refuse to even consider learning
Morse Code and never enter the hobby at all.  We have no way of
knowing about these folks except that 'I can't learn Morse Code' is an
oft heard phrase. The latter is often, wrongly in my opinion,
discounted as laziness by Morse operators

All in all, I would suggest that Morse Code is a significant barrier
to the service.  Does the value of that barrier offset its cost?

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Dropping the Code Test? -- commentary

crmabbott
In reply to this post by N0tk
I guess I have to ask myself how many people have we picked up since the 13
and 20 went away.  Aren't we hearing the same old arguments for 5 now?  I
don't think folks are going to come flocking in unless we find ways to make
the hobby appealing.  

In fact one of the rumors I heard was that 'No code International' was going
to sue the FCC on behalf of handicapped folks unless they dropped the code.
I am not sure about that but it is a rumor that I have read in several
places.  The FCC action item came out [supposedly] just before the final
date?

It is more important than this silly in-fighting, we need to convince the
FEMA, fire, and police folks that all the technology they have counted on
may not always fill the bill and a solid back up plan [can we say ham radio]
has to be in place.

If the fact that ham radio is working [New Orleans area] and the newer
technologies are not.  If that does not spur an interest to be followed up I
am not sure what will.

Put down a battery, antenna, 5 watt rig, and you have the world open up to
you both SSB, code, and other forms of digital communication.  That to me
should be the real fascination of the hobby.  PSK31 provides communication
that folks who chat on internet can understand very easily.  To be able to
do this without computers, internet, the grid, or cell phones....

--
73
Chuck AA8VS
http://www.aa8vs.org/nren
 
[hidden email]
 

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RE: Dropping the Code Test

EricJ-2
In reply to this post by N2EY
I think the top license class should include demonstrating the ability to
play the guitar. At just about every QRP get-together all around the country
a dozen or more of the "elite" suddenly pull out their guitars and banjos
and start playing. It's not advanced technology, but it seems to be what
hams do. I don't play the guitar, but a new license class and the loss of
some privileges might give me the incentive to learn.

Eric
KE6US
www.ke6us.com

-----Original Message-----
From: [hidden email]
[mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of [hidden email]
Sent: Saturday, September 03, 2005 7:03 AM
To: [hidden email]; [hidden email]
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Dropping the Code Test

In a message dated 9/3/05 1:19:06 AM Eastern Daylight Time,
[hidden email] writes:

>Should the license exams be aboout what hams actually do? Or should they
>be about what some people consider "advanced technology" regardless of
>whether such technology is used in amateur radio?
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Re: Dropping the Code Test

Deni F5VJC-2
In reply to this post by N2EY
[hidden email] wrote:

>
> Could it be that the sort of folks who really want to be hams are looking for
> a
> challenge, and not the easiest path?
>
> 73 de Jim, N2EY
> _______________________________________________

Exactly right Jim,

73 Deni GM3SKN / F5VJC

K21188
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Re: Dropping the Code Test [OT: in favor of guitar]

wayne burdick
Administrator
In reply to this post by EricJ-2
Eric, KE6US, wrote:

> I think the top license class should include demonstrating the ability
> to play the guitar.

What a great idea. I can't count how many hams I've run into who are
musicians. Perhaps only ham/musicians should be required to learn CW  
;)

73,
Wayne
N6KR

P.S. Coincidentally, I *do* play guitar. Here's a tune I threw together
for my dad, FWIW:

      http://home.comcast.net/~wayneb74/songs/Kid_from_1939.mp3


----

http://www.elecraft.com

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Changes (WAS: Dropping the Code Test)

Ron D'Eau Claire-2
In reply to this post by Jack Brindle
Jack wrote:
he Extra written exam is significantly harder today than  
it was 30 years ago. There is a lot more detailed EE theory in it now  
than there was back then.

--------------------------------

Wow, how experiences differ. I found the Extra exam comparable to the FCC
tests I took for the radiotelephone and radiotelegraph licenses to maintain
and operate commercial equipment: broadcast transmitters, airborne and
marine radars, radios, etc. You have an excellent point though, even though
our experiences are different.

A few years ago I was asked to teach a class for aspiring Extra Class Hams.
I'll readily admit that, having gotten my Extra in the 70's, I found myself
scrambling. You're quite right, it wasn't really simple stuff. But, compared
to the tests I had taken, it was different. Very different.

My students needed to know how to calculate satellite orbits in order to
predict their position, but they didn't need to demonstrate how to measure
the deviation of an FM transmitter, or even how to produce an FM signal.
They needed to know expected baud rates for various digital modes, but they
didn't need to know how a superheterodyne receiver worked or how to
neutralize an RF amplifier. In short, they needed to know a lot about the
buttons to push on their radios, but not much about what went on inside.

That fits with the changes in Amateur Radio since I was licensed. No longer
do most aspiring Hams look into the books for a rig he/she can build to get
on the air like I and my buddies did in the 1950's. Today most Hams go to
the store and buy a rig built by ABC company, take it home and plug it in,
then connect it to an antenna from DEF company and reach for the microphone
or keyboard. The FCC tests today seem to focus on ensuring Hams know what
buttons to push, where in my day we didn't care about buttons. Instead of
being concerned about the shape of the knobs and layout of the front panel,
we were concerned about which circuit configurations worked best and the FCC
was concerned that we know one circuit from another.

Times change. While building many not be "mainstream" today, that doesn't
mean that Hams don't build. Just look at this reflector. Look at Elecraft.
Look at all the people scrounging parts for home projects.

Ham radio has always included the odd operators who didn't stay in the
"mainstream". Many of them pushed the rest of the community forward, such as
those who insisted tubes were better than crystal detectors, that CW was
better than damped wave spark, that 80 meters would get out better than 200
meters, or that "Donald duck talk" on SSB was more effective than AM phone.
At each step the "mainstream" was elsewhere while the few tinkered their
rigs and their skills into new territory.

I'll try to remember that next time I feel like a dinosaur <G>.

Ron AC7AC

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CW SWL Opportunity On Now

Ron D'Eau Claire-2
In reply to this post by wayne burdick
Commercial CW station KSM in Northern California is currently (2041 Z)
running a "code wheel" on 6474kc/s and 12993kc/s.

(1 kc/s = 1 kHz)

K2's will tune 6474 kHz and I believe the KX1 will cover the 12993 kHz
frequency. KSM is pounding into N.W. Oregon on 6474 at this time.

The code wheel sends this message repeatedly:

CQ CQ CQ DE KSM KSM KSM QSX 6/12 CH3 OBS? AMVER? QRU? K

CQ CQ CQ DE KSM KSM KSM QSX 6/12 CH3 OBS? AMVER? QRU? K

KSM WILL FORWARD MESSAGES TO EMAIL ADDRESSES FREE OF CHARGE K

Originally they really were motor driven cog wheels with notches that
tripped the keying contacts. Many of the newer systems use motor driven
punched paper tapes.

Ron AC7AC

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Re: CW SWL Opportunity On Now

wayne burdick
Administrator
I can hear both stations on the K2 (for 12993, use 20 m; most K2s will
tune this low). The KX1 should be able to receive both, too.

Wayne


On Sep 3, 2005, at 1:48 PM, Ron D'Eau Claire wrote:

> Commercial CW station KSM in Northern California is currently (2041 Z)
> running a "code wheel" on 6474kc/s and 12993kc/s.


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RE: CW SWL Opportunity On Now

Ken Wagner K3IU
In reply to this post by Ron D'Eau Claire-2
Nil heard here on the east coast with my wire antenna. Can barely hear WWV
on 10.
Ken K3IU

-----Original Message-----
From: [hidden email]
[mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Ron D'Eau Claire
Sent: Saturday, September 03, 2005 4:49 PM
To: 'wayne burdick'; 'Elecraft Reflector'
Subject: [Elecraft] CW SWL Opportunity On Now

Commercial CW station KSM in Northern California is currently (2041 Z)
running a "code wheel" on 6474kc/s and 12993kc/s.

(1 kc/s = 1 kHz)

K2's will tune 6474 kHz and I believe the KX1 will cover the 12993 kHz
frequency. KSM is pounding into N.W. Oregon on 6474 at this time.

The code wheel sends this message repeatedly:

CQ CQ CQ DE KSM KSM KSM QSX 6/12 CH3 OBS? AMVER? QRU? K

CQ CQ CQ DE KSM KSM KSM QSX 6/12 CH3 OBS? AMVER? QRU? K

KSM WILL FORWARD MESSAGES TO EMAIL ADDRESSES FREE OF CHARGE K

Originally they really were motor driven cog wheels with notches that
tripped the keying contacts. Many of the newer systems use motor driven
punched paper tapes.

Ron AC7AC

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RE: CW SWL Opportunity On Now

Ron D'Eau Claire-2
In reply to this post by wayne burdick
Wayne wrote:
I can hear both stations on the K2 (for 12993, use 20 m; most K2s will
tune this low). The KX1 should be able to receive both, too.

------------------------

I tried direct frequency entry for 12993 on my K2 and it refused to do it,
instead jumping to a 30 meter frequency. Didn't try to spin the knob <G>.

Ron AC7AC

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Re: CW SWL Opportunity On Now

k6dgw
In reply to this post by Ron D'Eau Claire-2
Thanks Ron,

In case some don't know, KSM is the new licensed call sign of the
Historical society that maintains (and occasionally operates on Marconi
Day with original equipment) at KPH on the northern California coast.  I
believe it is the first commercial license issued for the MF radiomarine
band -- roughly 400 - 550 kc/s and certain HF radiomarine bands in many
years.  I generally copy them on 425 and 500 kc/s during those events
and report it to K6KPH in the ham bands.  I knew they had been licensed
and were planning to start a traffic wheel, I just didn't know they had.
  I wonder if anyone afloat is listening anymore?

www.radiomarine.org

Ain't old time radio fun?

Fred K6DGW
Auburn CA CM98lw

Ron D'Eau Claire wrote:
> Commercial CW station KSM in Northern California is currently (2041 Z)
> running a "code wheel" on 6474kc/s and 12993kc/s.

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Re: RE: CW SWL Opportunity On Now

Matt Osborn
In reply to this post by Ron D'Eau Claire-2
On Sat, 3 Sep 2005 15:28:23 -0700, "Ron D'Eau Claire"
<[hidden email]> wrote:

>Wayne wrote:
>I can hear both stations on the K2 (for 12993, use 20 m; most K2s will
>tune this low). The KX1 should be able to receive both, too.
>
>------------------------
>
>I tried direct frequency entry for 12993 on my K2 and it refused to do it,
>instead jumping to a 30 meter frequency. Didn't try to spin the knob <G>.
>
>Ron AC7AC
>

My K2 picked up 12993 here in Minneapolis but it couldn't pickup the
signal at 6474 kilocycles though.
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RE: CW SWL Opportunity On Now

Ron D'Eau Claire-2
In reply to this post by k6dgw
When I visited KPH last July during their "night of nights" event we were
chatting in the operating room while the "code wheel" ground away when we
suddenly heard a ship calling! Denise (DS) was the op on duty and sat down
at her operating position only to discover that her key line was
disconnected somewhere.

There ensued about 5 minutes of chaos pulling patch cables, etc., until the
problem was found and she had a live key. She responded to the call. It was
a ship wondering about hearing a US station operating CW on the 600 meter
band again!

Just goes to show that some of the chaos with cables that we see at Ham
Field Days and the like aren't limited to Ham activities <G>.

For those who haven't seen one of these stations, a photog friend of mine
who lives in the area went along and shot some pictures. Some of them are
still available on line at http://tinyurl.com/7q58c. When she gets the time
she'll post some more. (A perfectionist!).

Not a "radio person" she mistakenly identified the tape reader doing "code
wheel" duty as a teletype. Good guess. Similar tapes were used for teletype
machines. The long fingernails on the Vibroplex are DS at her key talking to
the ship. DS was the first woman operator at KPH. What are identified as
"antennas" are really the poles holding the open wire feeders leading to the
real antenna farm in the distance! Huge weights mounted on pulley
arrangements at the station held tension on the lines. Many of the wires are
broken now. The gang there are fixing them up as time permits, but it's a
big effort.

Talk about having a little real estate for a decent dipole, and that's only
the receiving end! When DS hits the key, the closure travels by phone line
to Bolinas about 20 miles south where the transmitters and transmitter
antenna farm is located. It is true, full QSK since she hears her
transmitted signal in the 'phones' just like the ship at sea does. No
special switching, muting, or other tricks needed.

Ron AC7AC



-----Original Message-----

Thanks Ron,

In case some don't know, KSM is the new licensed call sign of the
Historical society that maintains (and occasionally operates on Marconi
Day with original equipment) at KPH on the northern California coast.  I
believe it is the first commercial license issued for the MF radiomarine
band -- roughly 400 - 550 kc/s and certain HF radiomarine bands in many
years.  I generally copy them on 425 and 500 kc/s during those events
and report it to K6KPH in the ham bands.  I knew they had been licensed
and were planning to start a traffic wheel, I just didn't know they had.
  I wonder if anyone afloat is listening anymore?

www.radiomarine.org

Ain't old time radio fun?

Fred K6DGW
Auburn CA CM98lw

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Re: Dropping the Code Test

Thomas M. Beaudry
In reply to this post by EricJ-2

This is really tiring to hear.  "CW subbands" has always been the short
way of saying "the frequency segments where voice (and later other wide
modes) are not allowed".  Nobody actually thinks that CW is restricted
to those frequencies or that only CW is allowed to be used in them.

Next someone will be bitching about 73 because there might be somebody
that doesn't know it's shorthand for "best regards"...

> CW is allowed EVERYWHERE. Other modes are currently
> confined to restricted subbands.

--
73 de Thomas M. Beaudry K8LA / YS1ZTM
ARS # 1566 ARRL Life member
FPQRP # 1005
NAQCC # 0223 K2 # 3422

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